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Cardiac Emergencies > Electrophysiology Conduction Pathway > Flashcards

Electrophysiology Conduction Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

Dominant pacemaker

A

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

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2
Q

Location of SA Node

A

Right atrium, near the inlet of superior vena cava

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3
Q

Function of the SA node

A

Receives blood from the right coronary artery

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4
Q

Intrinsic rate of SA node

A

60-100 bpm

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5
Q

Intrinsic rate if AV junction

A

40-60bpm

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6
Q

Location of Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

Posterior septal wall, right atrium

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7
Q

Function of the AV valve

A
  • Delays impulse conduction
  • Allows time for atria to empty blood into ventricles
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8
Q

Location of Bundle branches- Ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

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9
Q

Function of Bundle Branches- Ventricles

A

Relays impulses to purkinje fibres

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10
Q

Intrinsic rate of Bundle Branches- Ventricles

A

20-40 bpm

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11
Q

Location of Purkinje Fibres- Ventricles

A

Ventricular myocardium

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12
Q

Functions of Purkinje Fibres- Ventricles

A

Relays impulses to myocardium

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13
Q

Intrinsic rate of Purkinje Fibres- Ventricles

A

20-40 bpm

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14
Q

An abnormal condition in which either cardiac cells are not normally associated with a pacemaker function, begin to depolarize spontaneously OR pacemaker site other than SA node increases its firing rate beyond that which is considered normal

A

Enhanced Automaticity

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15
Q

Occur during repolarization (after depolarizations) when cells are normally quiet

A

Abnormal Electrical Impulses

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16
Q
  • Slowed: all impulses are conducted, but it takes longer than normal
  • Intermittent- Some impulses are conducted
A

Partial Conduction block

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17
Q

No impulses are. conducted through the affected area

A

Complete Conduction Block

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18
Q

An impulse returns to stimulate tissue that was previously depolarized

A

Reentry

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19
Q

Precordial Lead

A

12 Lead ECG

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20
Q

Wave of depolarization moving across myocardium

A

Positive Lead

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21
Q

Towards positive electrode at left leg

A

Positive Deflection

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22
Q

Away from negative electrode at left leg

A

Negative Deflection

23
Q

What is an artifact caused by?

A
  • Muscle tremors
  • Patient movement
  • Loose electrodes/Poor contact
  • Pacemaker activity
  • Ambulance moving
  • 60 cycle interference
24
Q

Views the inferior surface of the left ventricle

A

Lead II and Einthoven’s Triangle

25
Q

Vertical Axis is a measurement of

A

Voltage/amplitude (strength) of impulse
- 1mm = 0.1 millivolt (mV)
- 1 mV = 10 mm or 2 large boxes

26
Q

Horizontal axis is measurement of

A

Time
- 5 large boxes = 1 second
- 15 large boxes = 3 seconds
- 30 large boxes = 6 seconds

27
Q

A straight line recorded when electrical activity is not detected. Defines positive or negative deflections. measures deviations above and below.

A

Baseline (isoelectric line)

28
Q

What does ST elevation indicate?

A

Cardiac event

29
Q

Movement away from baseline in either positive or negative direction

A

Waveform

30
Q

A line between waveforms; named by waveform that follows it

A

Segment

31
Q

Several waveforms

A

Complex

32
Q

First waveform preceding QRS complex. Normally upright, rounded in lead II

A

P Wave

33
Q

What does P wave indicate?

A

Atrial depolarization

34
Q

Times for PR interval

A

0.12-0.20 seconds
- 3-5 small boxes
- Start of P wave to the first deflection or Q wave

35
Q

Where is the PR segmant?

A

Part of the PR interval
- Horizontal line between end of P wave and beginning of QRS complex
- Normally isoelectric (flat)

36
Q

What does a Long PR interval indicate?

A

Impulse was delayed as it passed through atria, AV node or AV bundle

37
Q

What does a short PR Interval indicate?

A

This may be seen when impulse originates in atria close to AV node or AV bundle

38
Q

QRS Complex

A
  • Q Wave
  • R Wave
  • S Wave
  • J point
39
Q

First downward deflection after P wave (often not present)

A

Q Wave

40
Q

First upward deflection after Q or P wave (always positive)

A

R Wave

41
Q

First downward deflection after R wave (always negative)

A

S Wave

42
Q

Small notch at the start of ST segmant

A

J Point

43
Q
  • Normally narrow <0.12 sec (3 boxes)
  • Measured from beginning of Q or R wave to end of S wave
A

QRS Complex

44
Q

What does the QRS complex indicate?

A
  • Ventricular depolarization
  • Atrial repolarization
45
Q

Normal Q Waves

A

Less than 0.03 seconds

46
Q

More than 0.03 seconds in duration or more that 30% of the following R wave height in that lead or both

A

Abnormal (pathologic) Q Wave

47
Q
  • Measured from end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave
  • Normally flat
A

ST Segmant

48
Q

What does the ST segment indicate?

A

Early part repolarization of right and left ventricles

49
Q

First waveform following QRS complex, normally upright and slightly rounded in lead II

A

T Wave

50
Q

What does the T wave indicate?

A

Ventricular repolarization

51
Q

Portion of ECG tracing from beginning of the QRS complex to the end to T wave. Represents total ventricular activity

A

QT Interval

52
Q

Used to determine ventricular rate and regularity

A

R-R interval

53
Q

Main points from cardiac cycle

A
  1. Venous blood fills both atria
  2. Blood is ejected from the atria to ventricles
  3. Blood is ejected from ventricles to pulmonary and systemic arteries
54
Q

What does ST elevation or depression Indicate?

A

Myocardial ischemia or injury

Cardiac Emergencies (13 decks)

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