Cardiac Tamponade, Aortic and Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards
When the normal flow of oxygenated blood decreased in the coronary arteries
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Thickening and hardening of vessel walls, losing it’s elasticity
Chronic Disease of Arterial System
A form of Arteriosclerosis caused by soft deposits of intra-arterial fat and fibrin (plaque) which narrows the arterial lumen restricting blood flow
Atherosclerosis
Partial obstruction of vessel lumen
Ischemia
Complete obstruction of vessel lumen
Infarction or Necrosis
Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Age
- Family Hx
- Hypertension
- Diet
- Obesity
- Elevated cholesterol levels
- Smoking
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Stress
The 3 I’s
- Ischemia
- Injury
- Infarction
Supply of O2 to the myocardium is insufficient to meet demand
Stable Angina
Coronary artery vasospasm
Prinzmetal Angina
Greater degree of obstruction of the coronary arteries
Unstable Angina
Portion of the cardiac muscle is deprived of coronary blood flow long enough that portions of the muscle die
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
S&S of ACS
- Pain typically felt just beneath sternum
- Described as heavy, squeezing, crushing, or tight
- Unconsciously clenches a fist when describing the pain
- May also describe as pressure or discomfort
- Patient may mistake the pain for indigestion
Other S&S of ACS
- Diaphoresis
- Dyspnea
- Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or belching
- Profound weakness
- Dizziness
- Palpitations
- Feeling of impending doom
S&S of ACS in women
- Nausea
- Lightheadedness
- Back pain between the scapula (bra line)
- Epigastric burning
- Sudden onset of weakness or unexplained tiredness
M AMI that does not present with Chest pain
Silent MI
