Electronic structure and the periodic table Flashcards
What are the four quantum numbers?
Principle (n)
Angular momentum (/)
Magnetic (m/)
Spin (ms)
Define the principle quantum numbers.
The atomic shells K (n=1), L (n=2), M (n=3)
Define the angular momentum quantum numbers.
The shape of the atomic orbital
Define the magnetic quantum numbers.
The orientation of the orbital around the nucleus
Define the spin quantum numbers.
+1/2 (spin up) or -1/2 (spin down) for the electron
How do you interpret angular momentum quantum numbers?
For a shape defined by n, / takes all integer values between 0 and n-1
/ = 0 is s
/ = 1 is p
/ = 2 is d
/ = 3 is f
How do you interpret magnetic quantum numbers?
For a given value of /, the m/ can take any of the 2/ + 1 integer values between -/ and +/
when / = 0, m/ = 0 (sphere)
when / = 1, m/ = 3 (with x, y and z axis)
What does pauli’s exclusion principle state?
if two electrons in an atom share the same n, / and m/, their ms have to be opposite sides.
List the three orbital filling rules
for a given n: maximum number of electrons allowed is 2n²
for a given /: (s, p, d, f), this number is 4/ + 2
for a given m/: max number of 2 electrons is allowed
What is the order orbitals are filled in?
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p.
What does box diagrams show?
the orbitals with the same / grouped together
From the periodic table, how do you find valence (outermost) electrons?
the row/period number
What makes up the S block?
the first two columns of the periodic table
What makes up the P block?
groups 3A to 8A
What is the first ionisation energy?
the energy required to remove one outermost electron from an atom in the gaseous state
