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GAMSAT General Chemistry > Acids and bases > Flashcards

Acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a bronsted acid?

A

proton donor

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2
Q

What is a bronsted base?

A

proton acceptor

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3
Q

What is the pH?

A

the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

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4
Q

Give 7 examples of strong acids.

A

Nitric, Sulfuric, Chloric, Hydrochloric, Hydrobromic, Hydroiodic, Hydronium ion

Remember as NSC4Hi

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5
Q

Give 7 examples of weak acids.

A

Hydrocyanic, Hypoclorous, Hydrofluoric, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfurous, Phosphoric, Nitrous,

Remember as 4HSPN

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6
Q

What are the common strong bases?

A

Group 1A metal hydroxides.

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7
Q

What is the equation for the acid equilibrium constant?

A

Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]

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8
Q

What is the trend with increasing dissociation constant?

A

The larger the dissociation constant, the stronger the acid or base.

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9
Q

What is the equation for the base equilibrium constant?

A

Kb = [HB+][OH-] / [B]

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10
Q

What are the components of a conjugate acid-base pair?

A

The acid HA and the base it produces A-

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11
Q

What are examples of biological conjugate acid bases?

A

Amino acids

Due to excessive acidity of COOH, the dominant forms are COO- and NH3+

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12
Q

What is a zwitterion?

A

A zwitterion bears no net charge which has a positive and negative ion in one compound

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13
Q

What is the ion product constant (Kw) at STP?

A

Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10¹⁴

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14
Q

What is the pH of neutral water?

A

10⁻⁷M

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15
Q

What is the equation for pH?

A

-log10[H+]

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16
Q

What colour does litmus indicator paper?

A

Red for acid

Blue for base

17
Q

What colour does phenolphthalein indicator turn?

A

Colourless for acid

Pink for base

18
Q

What is the equivalence point?

A

The volume of titrant required to change the colour of indicator during titration.

19
Q

What is the trend with strength of conjugate acids?

A

The weaker the conjugate acid, the stronger the conjugate base.

20
Q

What is a buffer?

A

a solution that resists change to pH when small amounts of acid or base are added or when the solution is diluted

21
Q

How do you work out pKa?

A

pH = pKa + log([salt]/[acid])

22
Q

What is a useful biological buffer?

A

A combination of phosphate salts

23
Q

What factor must be thought about when picking an indicator for acid-base titrations?

A

Must have a pKA close to that of the pH of the equivalence point.

24
Q

What is the equivalence point in weak acid-strong base titrations?

A

Alkaline

25
Q

What is the equivalence point in strong acid-weak base titrations?

A

Acidic

26
Q

What is the equivalence point in strong acid-strong base titrations?

A

close to neutral pH

27
Q

What is the best oxidising agent for redox titrations?

A

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)

It turns colourful at the equivalence point.

GAMSAT General Chemistry (10 decks)

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