ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES Flashcards
What is hypovolemia?
A condition characterized by a decreased volume of blood plasma.
True or False: Dehydration is solely caused by a lack of water intake.
False
What are the common causes of hypovolemia?
Hemorrhage, excessive fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea), and third-space fluid shifts.
Fill in the blank: Electrolyte imbalances can affect __________ function.
muscle
What laboratory tests are commonly used to assess dehydration?
Serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels.
Multiple choice: Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with dehydration? A) Hyperkalemia B) Hyponatremia C) Hypernatremia D) Hypocalcemia
C) Hypernatremia
What is the primary symptom of hypovolemia?
Increased heart rate.
True or False: A patient with dehydration will typically have a low urine specific gravity.
False
What is the significance of a high BUN to creatinine ratio?
It often indicates dehydration or pre-renal azotemia.
Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum sodium is __________.
135-145 mEq/L
What is the first step in assessing a patient for dehydration?
Check vital signs and perform a physical examination.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a sign of dehydration? A) Dry mucous membranes B) Decreased skin turgor C) Increased blood pressure D) Thirst
C) Increased blood pressure
What electrolyte is primarily lost in prolonged vomiting?
Potassium
True or False: Electrolyte imbalances can lead to arrhythmias.
True
What is the role of aldosterone in fluid balance?
It promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion.
Fill in the blank: Severe dehydration can lead to __________ shock.
hypovolemic
What is the relationship between dehydration and kidney function?
Dehydration can impair kidney function and lead to acute kidney injury.
Multiple choice: Which of the following can cause hyponatremia? A) Excessive sweating B) Diuretics C) Heart failure D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?
Muscle weakness, palpitations, and ECG changes.
True or False: An increase in fluid intake is always the best treatment for dehydration.
False
What is the normal range for serum potassium?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common cause of hypernatremia.
Inadequate water intake
What lab test can help determine the cause of hyponatremia?
Serum osmolality
Multiple choice: Which condition is associated with hypovolemia? A) Diabetes insipidus B) Cushing’s syndrome C) Addison’s disease D) Hyperthyroidism
C) Addison’s disease
