- PO/IM - Indication: deficiency in pts who have fat malabsorption - Contraindication: parenteral route during pregnancy (X) - Topical: treatment of acne vulgaris, photo-aging (wrinkling)

- PO Indication: LBW infants to prevent/treat hemolysis - Topical indication: treatment of irritated, chapped, or dry skin

- PO, subQ, IV - MOA: active vitamin K - Indication: reversal of warfarin - Nursing: don’t confuse with K+ & avoid IV route if possible (life-threatening reactions to IV route)

- Activated vitamin D - PO, IV, topical - Indication: hypocalcemia in ESRD on hemodialysis, severe vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, psoriasis - MOA: increases absorption of Ca in the GI tract & increases Ca resorption - Side effects: dizziness, vertigo, falls, metallic taste

- Indication: scurvy & alcohol abuse - Contraindications: DM, breastfeeding, renal calculi, anemia - Adverse effects: decreases the effect of AC, renal calculi, crystalluria, hyperuricemia

- Indication: B-9 deficiency, macrocytic anemia, malabsorption syndrome (ETOH related), prevention of NTDs - Contraindications: concurrent use of methotrexate or sulfonamides - Foods to eat: liver, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits

- PO, subQ, IM, IV, intranasal - Indication: B12 deficiency, macrocytic anemia, malabsorption syndrome - Side Effects: hypokalemia (monitor HR) - Encourage foods high in B12 (dairy)

- Includes A,E,D,K,C,B2,B3,B5,B6,Ca,Mg & other minerals - Contraindications: CKD - Pregnancy - use prenatal MVI

- Includes C & B vitamins - Has no minerals; can be used for pts with CKD

- IV infusion - Indication: ETOH abuse to prevent CNS changes - Contains thiamine, folic acid, MVI & minerals

- PO - Indication: temporary use for iron deficiency anemia, growth (infants/children, pregnancy, blood loss, CKD/ESRD - PO Side effects: constipation, black stool, may stain teeth (dilute) - Interactions: antacids & tetracyclines (decreases absorption), vitamin C (increased absorption) - Nursing: take with food to avoid GI symptoms

- IV,IM - Indication: temporary use for iron deficiency anemia, growth (infants/children, pregnancy, blood loss, CKD/ESRD - Interactions: antacids & tetracyclines (decreases absorption), vitamin C (increased absorption) - Nursing: take with food to avoid GI symptoms

Electrolyte Drugs Flashcards by Kaylan Schoenefeldt

Vitamin A

PO/IM
Indication: deficiency in pts who have fat malabsorption
Contraindication: parenteral route during pregnancy (X)
Topical: treatment of acne vulgaris, photo-aging (wrinkling)

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Vitamin E

PO Indication: LBW infants to prevent/treat hemolysis

- Topical indication: treatment of irritated, chapped, or dry skin

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Phytonadione

PO, subQ, IV
MOA: active vitamin K
Indication: reversal of warfarin
Nursing: don’t confuse with K+ & avoid IV route if possible (life-threatening reactions to IV route)

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Calcitriol

Activated vitamin D
PO, IV, topical
Indication: hypocalcemia in ESRD on hemodialysis, severe vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, psoriasis
MOA: increases absorption of Ca in the GI tract & increases Ca resorption
Side effects: dizziness, vertigo, falls, metallic taste

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Ascorbic Acid

Indication: scurvy & alcohol abuse
Contraindications: DM, breastfeeding, renal calculi, anemia
Adverse effects: decreases the effect of AC, renal calculi, crystalluria, hyperuricemia

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Folic Acid

Indication: B-9 deficiency, macrocytic anemia, malabsorption syndrome (ETOH related), prevention of NTDs
Contraindications: concurrent use of methotrexate or sulfonamides
Foods to eat: liver, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits

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Cyanocobalamin

PO, subQ, IM, IV, intranasal
Indication: B12 deficiency, macrocytic anemia, malabsorption syndrome
Side Effects: hypokalemia (monitor HR)
Encourage foods high in B12 (dairy)

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Multivitamin (MVI)

Includes A,E,D,K,C,B2,B3,B5,B6,Ca,Mg & other minerals
Contraindications: CKD
Pregnancy - use prenatal MVI

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Modified MVI

Includes C & B vitamins

- Has no minerals; can be used for pts with CKD

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Banana Bag

IV infusion
Indication: ETOH abuse to prevent CNS changes
Contains thiamine, folic acid, MVI & minerals

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Ferrous Sulfate

PO
Indication: temporary use for iron deficiency anemia, growth (infants/children, pregnancy, blood loss, CKD/ESRD
PO Side effects: constipation, black stool, may stain teeth (dilute)
Interactions: antacids & tetracyclines (decreases absorption), vitamin C (increased absorption)
Nursing: take with food to avoid GI symptoms

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Iron Sucrose

IV,IM
Indication: temporary use for iron deficiency anemia, growth (infants/children, pregnancy, blood loss, CKD/ESRD
Interactions: antacids & tetracyclines (decreases absorption), vitamin C (increased absorption)
Nursing: take with food to avoid GI symptoms

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0.45% NaCl

Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG

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0.9% NaCl (NSS)

Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG

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3% NaCl

Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG

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Lactated Ringers

Na, Cl, K, Ca & lactate

- Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG

Ringers

Na, Cl, K, Ca, Bicarb

- Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

PO/PR
Indication: hyperkalemia
MOA: potassium binder

Insulin & D50

IV push
Indication: hyperkalemia
MOA: K shifts into the cell

Sodium Bicarbonate

IV gtt
Indication: hyperkalemia
MOA: K shifts into the cell

Potassium Chloride

PO/IV
Indication: hypokalemia
Nursing: monitor for dysrhythmia
PO: dilute oral solution, take with food, never crush tablets
IV: always dilute & infuse very slowly
Never push IV bolus/push

Potassium Phosphate

PO/IV
Indication: hypokalemia
Nursing: monitor for dysrhythmia
PO: dilute oral solution, take with food, never crush tablets
IV: always dilute & infuse very slowly
Never push IV bolus/push

Magnesium Oxide

PO
Indication: hypomagnesemia
Side effects: diarrhea (watch for imbalances & monitor I/Os)
Side effects: dysrhythmia, respiratory depression, depressed DTR
Foods with Mg: whole grain cereal, nuts, legumes, green leafy vegetables, peanut butter

Magnesium Sulfate

IV , IM
Indication: dysrhythmia, preterm labor, preeclampsia/eclampsia, convulsion, hypomagnesemia
Side effects: dysrhythmia, respiratory depression, depressed DTR
Foods with Mg: whole grain cereal, nuts, legumes, green leafy vegetables, peanut butter

Calcium Citrate

- PO - Indication: hypocalcemia, tetany, GERD & PUD (as an antacid) - Can supplement with if pregnancy/ lactation, peds growth spurts, post menopausal (osteoporosis) - Side effects: constipation, renal calculi, milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalcemia (dysrhythmia, bradycardia, decreased BP, hypotonia, weakness) - Teaching: take with vitamin D for better absorption, exercise, take with plenty of water

Calcium Carbonate

PO - Indication: hypocalcemia, tetany, GERD & PUD (as an antacid) - Can supplement with if pregnancy/ lactation, peds growth spurts, post menopausal (osteoporosis) - Side effects: constipation, renal calculi, milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalcemia (dysrhythmia, bradycardia, decreased BP, hypotonia, weakness) - Teaching: take with vitamin D for better absorption, exercise, take with plenty of water

Calcium Chloride

- IV - Indications: critically low Ca, emergency treatment of high K & Mg, cardiac arrest - Side effects: constipation, renal calculi, milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalcemia (dysrhythmia, bradycardia, decreased BP, hypotonia, weakness) , tissue necrosis with extravasation - Nursing: monitor Ca level, cardiac monitor

Alendronate

- Bisphosphate - PO - Indication: post menopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis - MOA: inhibits resorption of the bone; prevents loss of bone density - Side effects: low Ca, esophageal irritation (remain upright for 30min), photosensitivity - Hold dose for dysphasia, retrosternal pain heart burn

Ibandronate

- Bisphosphate - PO/IV - Indication: post menopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis - MOA: inhibits resorption of the bone; prevents loss of bone density - Side effects: low Ca, esophageal irritation (remain upright for 30min), photosensitivity

Sevelamer

- Indication: all RF patients, hyperphosphatemia - MOA: phos binder - Take only with food & with all meals & snacks

Calcium Acetate

- Indication: all RF patients, hyperphosphatemia - MOA: phos binder - Take only with food & with all meals & snacks