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Pharmocology > Electrolyte Drugs > Flashcards

Electrolyte Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A

A
  • PO/IM
  • Indication: deficiency in pts who have fat malabsorption
  • Contraindication: parenteral route during pregnancy (X)
  • Topical: treatment of acne vulgaris, photo-aging (wrinkling)
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2
Q

Vitamin E

A
  • PO Indication: LBW infants to prevent/treat hemolysis

- Topical indication: treatment of irritated, chapped, or dry skin

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3
Q

Phytonadione

A
  • PO, subQ, IV
  • MOA: active vitamin K
  • Indication: reversal of warfarin
  • Nursing: don’t confuse with K+ & avoid IV route if possible (life-threatening reactions to IV route)
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4
Q

Calcitriol

A
  • Activated vitamin D
  • PO, IV, topical
  • Indication: hypocalcemia in ESRD on hemodialysis, severe vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, psoriasis
  • MOA: increases absorption of Ca in the GI tract & increases Ca resorption
  • Side effects: dizziness, vertigo, falls, metallic taste
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5
Q

Ascorbic Acid

A
  • Indication: scurvy & alcohol abuse
  • Contraindications: DM, breastfeeding, renal calculi, anemia
  • Adverse effects: decreases the effect of AC, renal calculi, crystalluria, hyperuricemia
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6
Q

Folic Acid

A
  • Indication: B-9 deficiency, macrocytic anemia, malabsorption syndrome (ETOH related), prevention of NTDs
  • Contraindications: concurrent use of methotrexate or sulfonamides
  • Foods to eat: liver, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits
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7
Q

Cyanocobalamin

A
  • PO, subQ, IM, IV, intranasal
  • Indication: B12 deficiency, macrocytic anemia, malabsorption syndrome
  • Side Effects: hypokalemia (monitor HR)
  • Encourage foods high in B12 (dairy)
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8
Q

Multivitamin (MVI)

A
  • Includes A,E,D,K,C,B2,B3,B5,B6,Ca,Mg & other minerals
  • Contraindications: CKD
  • Pregnancy - use prenatal MVI
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9
Q

Modified MVI

A
  • Includes C & B vitamins

- Has no minerals; can be used for pts with CKD

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10
Q

Banana Bag

A
  • IV infusion
  • Indication: ETOH abuse to prevent CNS changes
  • Contains thiamine, folic acid, MVI & minerals
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11
Q

Ferrous Sulfate

A
  • PO
  • Indication: temporary use for iron deficiency anemia, growth (infants/children, pregnancy, blood loss, CKD/ESRD
  • PO Side effects: constipation, black stool, may stain teeth (dilute)
  • Interactions: antacids & tetracyclines (decreases absorption), vitamin C (increased absorption)
  • Nursing: take with food to avoid GI symptoms
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12
Q

Iron Sucrose

A
  • IV,IM
  • Indication: temporary use for iron deficiency anemia, growth (infants/children, pregnancy, blood loss, CKD/ESRD
  • Interactions: antacids & tetracyclines (decreases absorption), vitamin C (increased absorption)
  • Nursing: take with food to avoid GI symptoms
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13
Q

0.45% NaCl

A
  • Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG
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14
Q

0.9% NaCl (NSS)

A
  • Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG
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15
Q

3% NaCl

A
  • Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG
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16
Q

Lactated Ringers

A
  • Na, Cl, K, Ca & lactate

- Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG

17
Q

Ringers

A
  • Na, Cl, K, Ca, Bicarb

- Nursing: monitor levels closely, monitor fluid balance, monitor neuro changes, monitor EKG

18
Q

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

A
  • PO/PR
  • Indication: hyperkalemia
  • MOA: potassium binder
19
Q

Insulin & D50

A
  • IV push
  • Indication: hyperkalemia
  • MOA: K shifts into the cell
20
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A
  • IV gtt
  • Indication: hyperkalemia
  • MOA: K shifts into the cell
21
Q

Potassium Chloride

A
  • PO/IV
  • Indication: hypokalemia
  • Nursing: monitor for dysrhythmia
  • PO: dilute oral solution, take with food, never crush tablets
  • IV: always dilute & infuse very slowly
  • Never push IV bolus/push
22
Q

Potassium Phosphate

A
  • PO/IV
  • Indication: hypokalemia
  • Nursing: monitor for dysrhythmia
  • PO: dilute oral solution, take with food, never crush tablets
  • IV: always dilute & infuse very slowly
  • Never push IV bolus/push
23
Q

Magnesium Oxide

A
  • PO
    Indication: hypomagnesemia
  • Side effects: diarrhea (watch for imbalances & monitor I/Os)
  • Side effects: dysrhythmia, respiratory depression, depressed DTR
  • Foods with Mg: whole grain cereal, nuts, legumes, green leafy vegetables, peanut butter
24
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A
  • IV , IM
  • Indication: dysrhythmia, preterm labor, preeclampsia/eclampsia, convulsion, hypomagnesemia
  • Side effects: dysrhythmia, respiratory depression, depressed DTR
  • Foods with Mg: whole grain cereal, nuts, legumes, green leafy vegetables, peanut butter
25
Q

Calcium Citrate

A
  • PO
  • Indication: hypocalcemia, tetany, GERD & PUD (as an antacid)
  • Can supplement with if pregnancy/ lactation, peds growth spurts, post menopausal (osteoporosis)
  • Side effects: constipation, renal calculi, milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalcemia (dysrhythmia, bradycardia, decreased BP, hypotonia, weakness)
  • Teaching: take with vitamin D for better absorption, exercise, take with plenty of water
26
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

PO

  • Indication: hypocalcemia, tetany, GERD & PUD (as an antacid)
  • Can supplement with if pregnancy/ lactation, peds growth spurts, post menopausal (osteoporosis)
  • Side effects: constipation, renal calculi, milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalcemia (dysrhythmia, bradycardia, decreased BP, hypotonia, weakness)
  • Teaching: take with vitamin D for better absorption, exercise, take with plenty of water
27
Q

Calcium Chloride

A
  • IV
  • Indications: critically low Ca, emergency treatment of high K & Mg, cardiac arrest
  • Side effects: constipation, renal calculi, milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalcemia (dysrhythmia, bradycardia, decreased BP, hypotonia, weakness) , tissue necrosis with extravasation
  • Nursing: monitor Ca level, cardiac monitor
28
Q

Alendronate

A
  • Bisphosphate
  • PO
  • Indication: post menopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
  • MOA: inhibits resorption of the bone; prevents loss of bone density
  • Side effects: low Ca, esophageal irritation (remain upright for 30min), photosensitivity
  • Hold dose for dysphasia, retrosternal pain heart burn
29
Q

Ibandronate

A
  • Bisphosphate
  • PO/IV
  • Indication: post menopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
  • MOA: inhibits resorption of the bone; prevents loss of bone density
  • Side effects: low Ca, esophageal irritation (remain upright for 30min), photosensitivity
30
Q

Sevelamer

A
  • Indication: all RF patients, hyperphosphatemia
  • MOA: phos binder
  • Take only with food & with all meals & snacks
31
Q

Calcium Acetate

A
  • Indication: all RF patients, hyperphosphatemia
  • MOA: phos binder
  • Take only with food & with all meals & snacks

Pharmocology (32 decks)

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