Antibiotics Flashcards
1
Q
Lactobacillus Acidophilus
A
- Prophylactic treatment
- MOA: probiotic to replace normal GI flora
- Contraindication: lactose intolerance
2
Q
Nystatin
A
- Swish & swallow
- Treatment for thrush
3
Q
-nidazole
A
- Ex: metronidazole, tinidazole
- Metronidazole treatment for infection by C-diff
- Not an anti-fungal
- Side effects: harmless darkening of urine, poor taste causing decreased PO intake
- Adverse reactions: neurotoxicity, disulfiram like reaction
- Contraindication: pregnancy/lactation
4
Q
-Cillins
A
- ampicillin (PO,IM,IV), amoxicillin (PO)
- Nursing: allergic reaction & cross-allergy (cillins & cephs), monitor liver/renal function, monitor for high Na & K, monitor drug-drug interaction (acetaminophen & NSAIDs compete for protein binding, lowers effectiveness of AC, lowers effectiveness of contraceptives), avoid acidic fruits & juices
5
Q
Cephs/Cefs
A
- 1st-5th generation; become stronger through the generations
- Contraindication: allergy to penicillins
- Nursing: may cause coagulopathy (monitor for bleeding, brusing & avoid with ACs), avoid with ETOH (disulfiram like reaction), diarrhea
6
Q
Carbapenems
A
- IV or IM
- Resistant to beta lactamase
- Broad spectrum
- Ex: meropenem, imipenem, doripenem, ertapenem
- Possible cross sensitivity to penicillins & cephs
- Nursing: monitor renal function, monitor mental status, drug-drug interactions (reduced effect of valproic acid -> seizures), avoid with C diff infection or likelihood
7
Q
Monobactams
A
- IV or IM
- Resistant to beta lactamase
- Narrow spectrum for G-
- Ex: aztreonam, tigemonam, carumonam
- Possible cross sensitivity to penicillins & cephs
- Nursing: monitor renal function, monitor mental status, drug-drug interactions (reduced effect of valproic acid -> seizures), avoid with C diff infection or likelihood
8
Q
Van
A
- Ex: vancomycin, telavancin, oritavancin
- Can cause serious toxic effects
- Need to closely monitor serum level; if trough is high hold the dose
- Contraindication: VRE, VRSA, pregnancy, lactation
- Adverse effects: red-man syndrome, Steven-Johnson syndrome
9
Q
-cyclines
A
- Ex: tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
- PO, IM, IV, topical
- Nursing: do not use drug if expired or if exposed to light (becomes toxic), photosensitivity, risk of esophageal ulceration
- Decreased effectiveness of oral contraception
- Never use during the 1st trimester
- Avoid dairy products (Ca), iron & laxatives (Mg)
10
Q
Azithromycin
A
- Azithromycin (PO,IV), erythromycin (PO,IV,topical), clarithromycin
- Secondary use = anti fungal
- Monitor for dysrhythmia, hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity
- Drug-drug interactions: benzodiazepines, antihistamines, digoxin, warfarin, theophylline, carbamazepine, phenytoin
11
Q
-floxacin
A
- Ex: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
- MOA: bactericidal, broad spectrum (G+, G-)
- PO bioavailability similar to IV
- Indications: severe infections
- Contraindication: pregnancy/lactation, peds < 18 months
- Adverse reactions: high risk of Achilles pain/tendinitis/tendon rupture** (stop med & call provider if pain in calf), crystalluria
- Increases the effect of oral anti diabetic agents & warfarin
- Decreases the effect of phenytoin, oral contraceptives
12
Q
Gentamicin
A
- Ex: gentamicin, tobramycin
- Nursing: monitor levels (risk of organ toxicity), increases the effects of ACs, neuromuscular blockade (respiratory depression)
- Contraindication: NEVER use with pregnancy/lactation
- Enteral must be taken on an empty stomach
13
Q
PPD (purified protein derivative)
A
- Tuberculin skin testing
- ID
- Must be read within 48-72 hours
- Positive: 5mm induration for immunocompromised, 10mm induration for normal immune system
- Takes 2-10 weeks after exposure to get positive PPD
14
Q
Antituberculotic
A
- Rifampin (RIF): PO,IV; harmless orange urine, sweet saliva, sweat & tears
- Isoniazid (INH): PO,IM; neurotoxicity (give B6 to prevent), avoid foods that contain tyramine & histamine (tuna, aged cheese, red wine, soy sauces
- Pyrazinamide (PZA): PO; non-gouty polyarthalgia
- Ethambutol (EMB): PO; stop if ocular toxicity
