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Science > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Electric charge

A

Charges particles that exert a force on each other

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2
Q

Static electric charge

A

Electricity that builds up on surface of the object

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3
Q

Friction

A

Electric transfer by rubbing objects together: removes electrons from one object which caused them to transfer to the other object

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4
Q

Electron affinity

A

The ability of substances to hold on to electrons

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5
Q

Laws of attraction and repulsion

A

Particles with opposite charges attract and identical charges repel

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6
Q

Electrical insulator

A

Material that resists or blocks movement of electrons

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7
Q

Electrical conductor

A

Material that allow electrons to change positions

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8
Q

Electroscope

A

Instrument that can detect static electric charges

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9
Q

Charging by contact

A

When electrons transfer from charges object to neutral object that it touches

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10
Q

Charging by induction

A

Movement of electrons within an object caused by a nearby charged object without direct contact

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11
Q

Grounding

A

Process of connecting a charged object to earth’s surface providing a path for charges to travel to or from the ground

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12
Q

Electric discharge

A

When electric charges are transferred very quickly

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13
Q

Lightning

A

Very large electric discharge caused by induction

Negative charge builds at base of cloud, positive on ground because of induction

When enough charge has built up the cloud discharges excess electrons, creating huge spark

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14
Q

Current electric energy

A

Steady flow that we need to operate electric device

An energy source is present

A complete circuit is present

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15
Q

Electric circuit includes

A

Energy source (battery)

Conductor (copper wire)

Load (device that converts electrical energy to another form of energy Ex. Light bulb)

Switch (turns circuit on and off)

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16
Q

Voltage

A

Difference in electrical energy between two points measured in a circuit (measured in V)

17
Q

Current

A

Measure of amount of electric charge that passes by a point in a circuit in a given time(measured in Amps A)

Two types of current:

Direct Current - current flows one direction

Alternating current - current flows back and forth at regular intervals called cycles

18
Q

Resistance

A

Degree to which a substance opposes flow of electric current through it (measured in ohms Omega sign)

19
Q

Resistors

A

Used to cause electrons to transfer energy to a different type of energy. Any material that can slow current flow is called a resistor

20
Q

Superconductor

A

Seen in some metals and ceramics. No electrical resistance below a characteristic temperature

21
Q

Bettery

A

Combination of electrochemical cells. Simple cell includes an electrolyte and two electrodes

22
Q

Electrolyte

A

Liquid or paste that conducts electric charges because it contains many ions

23
Q

Electrodes

A

Metal strips that react with electrolyte

24
Q

Transistors

A

Tiny device that acts as switch or amplifier in circuit

25
Q

Series circuit

A

Circuit in which components are arranged one after another. Has only one path along which electrons can flow

If pathway is interrupted then whole circuit cannot function

Adding more resistors increases total resistance

26
Q

Parallel circuit

A

Circuit where devices are arranged in parallel paths

Interruption doesnt affect other pathways

New pathway decreases total resistance

27
Q

Series circuit VIR

A

Voltage - eacih load uses a portion of energy supplied by battery

Current - same throughout

Resistance - decreases when more resistors es are added

28
Q

Parallel curcuit VIR

A

V - each load uses all the energy supplied

I - current divides into different paths. Pathway with less resistance will have greater current

R - adding resistors in parallel decreases total resistance of circuit if energy remains the same

29
Q

Voltage sign

A

V

30
Q

Current sign

A

I (Amps A)

31
Q

Resistance sign

A

R (ohms O)

32
Q

Fuse device in electric circuit that had conductor with low melting point. Csafetyurrent goes high fuse melts and current stops

A

Prejima

33
Q

Circuit breaker

A

Does same task as fuse but instead triggers fuse mechanism

34
Q

Short circuit

A

Accidental low resistance between two points in a circuit

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