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Science > Cell Organelles & Division > Flashcards

Cell Organelles & Division Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are composed of cells

Cells are units of structure and function in living things

All cells are produced from other cells

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2
Q

Cell division allows cells to:

A

Grow
Reproduce
Heal

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Structure that contains cell’s hereditary information and controls cell’s growth/reproduction . Brain of cell

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

Thin semi permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, enclosing its contents. Gateway, allows materials in and out

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5
Q

Vacuole

A

Organelle (larger in plants) that stores sugar, water and proteins

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6
Q

Nucleolus

A

Spherical organelle found inside nucleus which makes proteins and ribosomes

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7
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Double layered membrane enclosing nucleus of cell

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Oval shaped organelle which is the powerhouse of the cell

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid in the cell where nutrients are absorbed, transported and processed

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelle that assembles proteins for growth and reproduction

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11
Q

Golgi body

A

Processes and packages proteins

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12
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Carries materials throughout cell

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

Organelle found only in plants. Contains chlorophyll and conducts photosynthesis

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14
Q

Cell wall

A

Found only in plants. Composed of cellulose for production and support

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15
Q

Lysone

A

Organelle only in animals. Contains enzymes that break down larger molecules

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16
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Cell’s genetic information is stored in strands of molecules.

DNA packaged in chromosome

Chromosomes contain necessary information for cell function

17
Q

Cell Cycle

A

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

18
Q

Interphase + 3 parts

A

Longest phase of cell cycle. Three main stages.

G1- cell grows and matures
SYNTHESIS- cell duplicates DNA
G2 - cell resumes growth and prepares for division

19
Q

Mitosis + 4 phases + 2 cells

A

Mother cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Diploid cell - cell that contains 2 or more sets of chromosomes

Haploid cell - complete set of chromosomes

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

20
Q

Prophase

A

S1- duplicated chromosomes shorten. Membrane around nucleus begins to dissolve

21
Q

Metaphase

A

S2- doubled chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

22
Q

Anaphase

A

S3- chromosomes strands separate and go to opposite sides of cell

23
Q

Telophase

A

S4- new nuclear envelope begins to form around each set of chromosomes

24
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Last stage of cell cycle. Single cell divides to form two different cells

Science (10 decks)

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