Cell Organelles & Division Flashcards
Cell theory
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are units of structure and function in living things
All cells are produced from other cells
Cell division allows cells to:
Grow
Reproduce
Heal
Nucleus
Structure that contains cell’s hereditary information and controls cell’s growth/reproduction . Brain of cell
Cell membrane
Thin semi permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, enclosing its contents. Gateway, allows materials in and out
Vacuole
Organelle (larger in plants) that stores sugar, water and proteins
Nucleolus
Spherical organelle found inside nucleus which makes proteins and ribosomes
Nuclear membrane
Double layered membrane enclosing nucleus of cell
Mitochondria
Oval shaped organelle which is the powerhouse of the cell
Cytoplasm
Fluid in the cell where nutrients are absorbed, transported and processed
Ribosomes
Organelle that assembles proteins for growth and reproduction
Golgi body
Processes and packages proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
Carries materials throughout cell
Chloroplast
Organelle found only in plants. Contains chlorophyll and conducts photosynthesis
Cell wall
Found only in plants. Composed of cellulose for production and support
Lysone
Organelle only in animals. Contains enzymes that break down larger molecules
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Cell’s genetic information is stored in strands of molecules.
DNA packaged in chromosome
Chromosomes contain necessary information for cell function
Cell Cycle
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
Interphase + 3 parts
Longest phase of cell cycle. Three main stages.
G1- cell grows and matures
SYNTHESIS- cell duplicates DNA
G2 - cell resumes growth and prepares for division
Mitosis + 4 phases + 2 cells
Mother cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
Diploid cell - cell that contains 2 or more sets of chromosomes
Haploid cell - complete set of chromosomes
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Prophase
S1- duplicated chromosomes shorten. Membrane around nucleus begins to dissolve
Metaphase
S2- doubled chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
S3- chromosomes strands separate and go to opposite sides of cell
Telophase
S4- new nuclear envelope begins to form around each set of chromosomes
Cytokinesis
Last stage of cell cycle. Single cell divides to form two different cells
