Electricity

Question 1

Define Electric Current & Equation

Answer 1

• Current is the rate of flow of electric charge
• I= Q/t
• Q(Total charge,Q, in Coulomb,C)=
  I(Electric Current,I, in Ampere, A) x t(time, t, in seconds, s)
  Q= n x q(charge of 1ē= 1.602 x 10(-19)C

Question 2

Definition of Conductors & Insulators

Answer 2

• CONDUCTORS: substances/materials that allow for the free flow of electrons through them e.g. metal, water, pencil lead

• INSULATORS: substances/materials that do NOT allow for the free flow of electrons through them e.g. styrofoam, rubber, silicone, leather, plastic

Question 3

Cell (Circuit Component & Use)

Answer 3

Cell- converts chemical energy to electrical energy

Question 4

Connecting Wire(Circuit Component & Use)

Answer 4

Connecting Wire- allows for the flow of current through it

Question 5

Battery of 2 Cells & Battery of many Cells (Circuit Components & Use)

Answer 5

•Battery of 2 Cells- converts chemical energy to electrical energy
•Battery of many Cells- (same ⬆️)

Question 6

Bulb/Filament lamp(Circuit Component & Use)

Answer 6

Bulb/filament lamp- converts electrical energy to light energy

Question 7

Resistor & Variable Resistor (Circuit Component & Use )

Answer 7

Resistor- restricts the flow of I in a circuit
Variable Resistor- (same⬆️)

Question 8

Ammeter & Voltmeter (Circuit Component & Use)

Answer 8

Ammeter- measures Electric current flowing through it
Voltmeter- measures the potential difference across its ends

Question 9

Closed Switch & Open Switch (Circuit Component & Use)

Answer 9

•Closed Switch- closes the circuit
Switch CLOSED ➡️ ON
•Open Switch- opens the circuit
Switch OPEN ➡️ OFF

Question 10

What is a Circuit?

Answer 10

• A circuit is a closed path through which an electric current can flow

Question 11

What happens in a Closed Circuit?

Answer 11

• In a closed circuit the current is able to flow through each component in the circuit.
• The current starts flowing from the positive end of the power source, passes through all the components & returns to the negative terminal of the power source
• All components work as they should e.g. bulbs light

Question 12

What happens in a Open Circuit?

Answer 12

• In an open circuit their is a break & the current is not able to flow through the components in the circuit.
• No components work as they should e.g. bulbs do not light

Question 13

Definition of Series Circuit

Answer 13

• A series circuit is one in which the Electric Current, I, travels along only one path
• the total current in the circuit is the same as the current that flows through bulb 1 which the same as flows through bulb 2&3.
• If one company is removed the circuit is broken & therefore no current flows & so no components work

Question 14

Definition of a Parallel Circuit

Answer 14

-One in which there is more than 1 path through/along which current flows
-The total current in the circuit splits up between the branches or paths of the circuit
-If one component is removed, although the circuit is broken, the current simply does not travel along that path & travels instead along all long all other available paths

Question 15

Define Potential Difference/Voltage,V

Answer 15

-Potential Difference is the energy converted from electrical energy to other forms when, Coulomb of charge passes between the 2 ends of a conductor
- it is therefore the energy converted per unit of charge that flows through the conductor
- V(voltage or potential diff)=
E(energy)/Q(charge)

Question 16

ELECTRONS (Potential difference)

Answer 16

•When ē pass through a power source they GAIN electric potential energy
•When the ē move through a component in a circuit they transfer some of that energy to the components
•Afterwards the ē will have the SAME amt of electric potential energy as they had b4 they GAINED energy from the power source
•This is bc energy MUST always be CONSERVED
•So the ē have to lose the exact SAME amt of energy as they GAINED from the power source
•Due to this the sum of the potential (energy) DROPS around a circuit MUST match the EMF or Voltage of the source

Question 17

Definition of Resistance

Answer 17

The opposition to the flow of electrons