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Science > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Static Electricity

A

The electricity that builds up on the surface of an object caused by friction.

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2
Q

Conductor

A

A material that allows electricity to pass through it (Usually metals).

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3
Q

Insulator

A

A material that doesn’t allow the flow of electricity.

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4
Q

Battery

A

Batteries and similar devices accept, store, and release electricity on demand.

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5
Q

Circuit

A

A circuit is a closed loop that electrons can travel in.

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6
Q

Ammeter

A

an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes.

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7
Q

Voltmeter

A

an instrument for measuring electric potential in volts.

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8
Q

Grounding

A

Grounding an object transfers electrons between the object and the earths surface, making the object neutral.

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9
Q

Discharge

A

Electrical discharge occurs when electrical charges are transferred very quickly. (Sparks)

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10
Q

Load

A

An electrical load is simply any component of a circuit that consumes power or energy.

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11
Q

Electron

A

In the wires of electric circuits, an electron is the actual charge carrier. They have negative charges.

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12
Q

Electron affinity

A

A material’s ability to hold on to electrons

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13
Q

Friction

A

Two objects rubbing together cause friction

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14
Q

Induction

A

The movement of electrons within a substance caused by the nearby charged object, without direct contact between the substance and object.

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15
Q

Charging by contact

A

Occurs when electrons transfer from the charged object to the neutral object that it touches.

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16
Q

Law of Attraction and Repulsion

A

Like charges repel and Opposites attract

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17
Q

Electroscope

A

A device that detects static electricity by using thin metal

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18
Q

Electrostatics

A

The study of static electric charges

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19
Q

What are the necessary parts of a circuit

A

A energy source: battery
Conductor: Wires
Load: lightbulb
And switch (optional)

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20
Q

Open Circuit

A

An electrical path having a break in; electrons don’t flow through

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21
Q

Closed circuit

A

An unbroken path through which electrons are moving

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22
Q

What is Electric current measured in?

A

Amperes

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23
Q

What is resistance

A

The measure of how easily current can flow through a material (measured in ohms)

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24
Q

Series Circuit

A

A circuit with only 1 path

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25
Q

Parallel circuit

A

A circuit with many paths

26
Q

Resistors

A

Restrict the flow of electrons

27
Q

Potential Difference in Series Circuit

A

Shared between the loads

28
Q

Potential Difference in Parallel Circuits

A

Work done per unit charge

29
Q

Current in series circuit

A

The same throughout

30
Q

Current in Parallel Circuit

A

Shared between the paths

31
Q

Resistors in series circuits

A

Adding more loads reduces the current

32
Q

Resistors in Parallel Circuits

A

Adding more loads allows more current to flow through

33
Q

Potential Energy

A

The energy stored in an object

34
Q

Batteries flow in circuits

A

Electrons flow from the negative end to the positive end

35
Q

Potential Difference

A

The difference in electrical potential energy between two points

36
Q

The SI unit for measuring potential difference is

A

VOLT

37
Q

Electric current

A

The measure of the amount of electric charge that passes by a point in an electrical circuit each second.

38
Q

Two types of electric current

A

DC: Direct current
AC: Alternating Current

39
Q

Direct current

A

Current that flows in one direction. The flow of a current from a bettery is DC

40
Q

Alternating current

A

Flows back and forth at regular intervals called cycles

41
Q

An Ampere

A

The measure of the amount of charge moving past a point in the circuit every second

42
Q

More resistance =

A

more energy gains

43
Q

Electrons entering the resistor is where the

A

Potential energy is greater

44
Q

More loads in parallel circuit=

A

will decrease the total resistance

45
Q

Total voltage in series circuit is

A

The sum of the voltages across each load

46
Q

Total current in a parallel circuit is

A

Equal to the sum of the individual branch currents. Each pathway shares the amount of current for the source.

47
Q

The voltage in a parallel circuit is

A

the same throughout.

48
Q

Ohms Law

A

Describes the relationship between Voltage, Resistance and current. V=LxR

49
Q

Current (I) =

A

V/R

50
Q

Resistance =

A

V/I

51
Q

If Current increases

A

Voltage must also (Vice Versa)

52
Q

Temp affects

A

Resistance

53
Q

Temp increases

A

Resistance increases, and conductivity decreases

54
Q

Temp decreases

A

Resistance decreases, and conductivity increases

55
Q

Short Circuit

A

An accidental low resistance connection between two points in a circuit. Current can flow easier through wires than lightbulbs, which creates a dangerous short circuit.

56
Q

Two devices in the home that act as defense to short circuits

A

Fuses and Circuit breakers

57
Q

What’s a fuse?

A

A fuse is a safety device in an electrical circuit that has a metallic conductor with a low melting point compared to the circuit’s wires. If the current gets too high, the metal melts, thus closing the circuit.

58
Q

Circuit Breaker

A

It does the same job as a fuse except the wire doesn’t melt, it heats up and bends, which triggers a spring that turns off the flow of electricity. Unlike a fuse, this doesn’t have to be replaced, it cools down and resets.

59
Q

Three Prong Electrical Plug

A

This is another safety feature. The third prong connects the device to the ground wire of the building in case of a short circuit.

60
Q

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

A

Detects a current in change and opens, stopping the flow. If smth gets wet while handling it and some current starts to flow through the water, the GFCI opens the circuit so that there is less injury to you.

Science (9 decks)

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