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Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Test tube brushes?

A

Used to clean test tubes and other equipment

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2
Q

Bunsen Burner

A

Heat or ignite materials

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3
Q

Wire Gauze

A

Supports equipment on a ring clamp

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4
Q

Ring stand

A

Supports equipment
- Attach clamps to it to hold beakers

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5
Q

Florence Flask

A

Container for liquids
- May be heated

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6
Q

Utility Clamp

A

Fastens to retort stand
- holds test tubes

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7
Q

Spatulas

A
  • To transfer solids
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8
Q

Wash bottle

A
  • Squeeze to dispense distilled water
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9
Q

Clay Triangle

A

Supports crucible on a ring clamp

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9
Q

Test Tube

A

Holds small amounts of liquids and solids
- May be heated

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10
Q

Grad Cylinder

A

Measuring liquids accurately

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11
Q

Iron Ring

A

Fastens to retort stand
- Holds equipment

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12
Q

Mortar and Restle

A

Grinds solids into powder

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13
Q

Test Tube Rack

A

Holds test tubes upright

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14
Q

Test Tube Holder

A

To hold and transfer test tubes

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15
Q

Evaporating dish

A

Container to evaporate small amount of liquid

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16
Q

Watch glass

A

Cover for beaker
- Can hold small amounts of liquids

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17
Q

Glass Plate

A

Covers for beakers and glass bottles

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18
Q

Funnel

A

aids in pouring liquids
- support for filter paper while filtering

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19
Q

Stir Rod

A

to stir chemicals together

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20
Q

Beaker Tongs

A

to hold and pick up beaker

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21
Q

Crucible Tongs

A

to pick up and hold a crucible and lid

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22
Q

Erlenmeyer Flask

A

holds liquids
-useful to swirl/mix chemicals
- may be heated

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23
Q

Forceps

A

to pick up small solids

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24
Q

Beaker

A

to hold liquids or solids
- may be heated

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25
Q

Pipette

A

To accurately measure and transfer iquids

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26
Q

Dropper

A

To transfer small amount of liquids

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27
Q

Crucible

A

To hold small solids while heating to high temperatures

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28
Q

Rules in Lab

A

Never perform an experiment
without the instructions or
approval of
your teacher.
Before starting an
experiment,
read all of the
directions.

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29
Q

Rules in Lab

A

wear goggles

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30
Q

9 lab rules

A
  1. Liquid waste must be disposed of in proper containers
  2. Broken Glass in broken glass container
  3. Report all accidents
  4. Never small or taste any ingredients
  5. Never put out chem fire with water use extinguisher
  6. Never leave your lab area unattended
  7. Clean spills with WET SPONGE NOT PAPER TOWEL
  8. Never return excess chemicals
    Keep clean equipment
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31
Q

WHMIS

A

The Workplace Hazardous Materials
Information System (WHMIS) are laws created
in 1988 to inform employers and workers about
hazardous products or chemicals they may be
exposed to at work and reduce workplace
injuries and illnesses.

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32
Q

Compressed Gas (rolling pin)

A

Risks - Can explode
Precautions - Handle with care don’t drop or puncture

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33
Q

Poisonous and Infectious (skull and bones)

A

Risks - Can cause death or acute toxicity if exposed to small amt of hazard
Precautions - Cover skin and handle with caution

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34
Q

Corrosive Material (Hand and pipe)

A

Risks - Can destroy skin
Precautions - Wear propor ppe

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35
Q

Dangerously Reactive Material (R)

A

Risks - Explosions, fire, extreme heating
Precautions- Keep way from sparks, heat and direct sunlight

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36
Q

Oxidizing Material (line,under circle with flame)

A

Risks - Can feed fire, making it much hotter
Precautions -Keep away from combustible materials like wood and flammable materials

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37
Q

Biohazardous (circle and semi circles)

A

Risks - Harmful to our health, can give serious illness
Precautions: wash hands often

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38
Q

Flammable and Combustible Material (line and flame)

A

Risks - Can burst into flames
Precautions -Handle with care, keep way from heat

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39
Q

Poisonous and infectious (T)

A

Risks - eyes, skin and lung irritation and cancer
Precautions - avoid contact with skin or eyes

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40
Q

Matter

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space

41
Q

Mass

A

Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an
object

42
Q

Volume

A

Volume is a measure of how much space an object
takes up

43
Q

Particle Arrangement in solids

A

In solids, the particles are
close together (stronger
attractive force)

44
Q

Particle Arrangement in liquids

A

In liquids, the particles are
farther apart (weaker
attractive forces)

45
Q

Particle Arrangement in gases

A

In gases, particles are very far
apart (very weak forces)

46
Q

The Particle Theory

A

The Particle Theory is a way to describe the
structure of matter and its behavior.

47
Q

Particle Theory (4)

A

All matter is composed of very tiny objects called
particles

All particles have space between them

Particles present in matter are always in motion

The particles in a substance attract each other

48
Q

Particles in ice

A

In ice, the particles
vibrate but cannot move
around. The particles are
very attracted to each
other.

49
Q

Particles when heat is added

A

When heat is added, the
particles slide past each
other forming liquids
and break away from
each other forming
gases as more heat is
added.

50
Q

Matter

A

Matter has mass and takes up space

51
Q

Whats matter made of

A

Particles

52
Q

What is a property

A

A property is a characteristic that describes a
substance.

53
Q

How can substances be classified

A

Substances can be classified as pure substances or
mixtures, depending on how their particles are
arranged.

54
Q

Matter is two categories

A

Mixtures and Pure substances

54
Q

Pure substances are

A

Compounds and elements

55
Q

Mixtures are

A

heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures (uniform)

56
Q

heterogeneous mixtures

A

Mechanical mixtures and suspensions

57
Q

homogeneous mixtures (uniform)

A

solutions

57
Q

Compounds?

A

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; H2O and CO2

57
Q

elements?

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen

58
Q

heterogeneous mixtures?

A

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture; choc chip cookies, salad and pizza

59
Q

homogeneous mixtures (uniform)

A

A homogeneous mixture is a gaseous, liquid or solid mixture that has the same proportions of its components throughout a given sample. It is uniform in composition throughout; Blood, Air and Sea water

60
Q

Mechanical Mixtures

A

When different kinds of matter are visible in the mixture it is called a mechanical mixture (or heterogeneous mixture). In a mechanical mixture, the particles are unevenly distributed in groups. Examples of mechanical mixtures include a toy box, cereal and milk or a pizza.

61
Q

Suspensions

A

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Here, the particles are suspended throughout the solution in bulk and can be easily seen by naked eyes. In it, particles of the solute do not dissolve in the solution and are rather suspended; Mud, sand in water and chalk in water

62
Q

Mixtures

A

Have two or more different types of particles

Three kinds of mixtures: mechanical mixtures,
solutions and suspensions.

63
Q

Solutions

A

In a solution the different substances that make it up
are not individually visible; sugar dissolved in tea or coffee

When you stir the sugar into the tea it appears to disappear

64
Q

A physical Property

A

A physical property describes a
characteristic of a substance that can be
observed or measured.

65
Q

Physical Properties?

A

Colour, Taste, Odour, Clarity, Lustre, Texture, Form, Brittleness, Hardness, Malleability, Ductility, Viscosity, Conductivity, Cohesion and Adhesion and Density

66
Q

Chemical Property?

A

A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to
change into a new substance or substances; Chemical properties include how a substance interacts with
other substances, heat or light.

67
Q

Chemical Change?

A

A chemical change always results in the formation of a new
substance or substances.

68
Q

Chem reaction?

A

A chemical reaction is a process in which a chemical change
occurs.

69
Q

Chemical properties can be observed only when a chemical
change has occurred.

A

Statement

70
Q

Slope Formula?

A

(y2 -y1)/(x2 - x1) = rise/run = vert change/ horizontal change

71
Q

Chopping a piece of wood

A

Physical Change

72
Q

Burning a piece of wood

A

Chemical

73
Q

What’s an atom

A

An atom is the smallest part of
an element that has all the
element’s properties.

74
Q

Atomic Theory

A

Atomic theory is the study of nature of atoms and how they
combine to form all types of matter.

75
Q

Democritus

A

Democritus hypothesized that breaking down rock into
powder would reduce it to tiny bits of matter that could not be
broken down more.

76
Q

DALTON (1766-1844)

A

Dalton proposed that
atoms were like small
spheres.

77
Q

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY

A

All matter is made up of small, indivisible particles called
atoms

All the atoms of an element are identical in properties such as
size and mass.

Atoms of different elements have different properties.

Atoms of new different elements can combine in specific ways
to form new substances.

78
Q

J.J THOMSON (1856-1940)

A

Thompson researched that atoms
may be made from a combination
of particles

Experimented with cathode ray
tubes, heated a metal in the tube
and produced negatively charged
particles

These particles were later called
electrons.

79
Q

THOMPSON’S MODEL OF THE ATOM

A

Thompson proposed atoms of
all elements contained
electrons.

80
Q

ERNEST RUTHERFORD (1891-1937)

A

Conducted a famous experiment called
the gold foil experiment to test
Thompson’s model.Rutherford’s experiment proved that
atoms have a nucleus in the center of
the atom.

The nucleus has a positive charge.

81
Q

JAMES CHADWICK (1891-1974)

A

Chadwick discovered that nucleus contains neutral (0)
particles as well as positively (+) charged particles.

82
Q

NIELS BOHR (1885-1962)

A

Bohr transformed
Rutherford’s model into one
of the models that are used
today.

This model is known today
as a Bohr atom or a Bohr
diagram model.

Electrons are arranged in
energy levels or shells,
orbits.

83
Q

BOHR ATOM

A

Bohr discovered that electrons jump between electron shells
by gaining or losing energy.

Each shell can contain a specific number of electrons.

The first shell holds 2 electrons, the second and third shell
contains 8, and the fourth shell contains 8. e.g.
nucleus)2e-)8e-)8e-)8e-

84
Q

THE QUANTUM MECHANIC MODEL

A

This model is the most
advanced and accurate
model of the atom.

In this model, electrons do
not exist as tiny points in the
atom. Electrons exist in
specific energy levels, but
they surround the positively
charged nucleus.

85
Q

Compounds

A

A compound is a substance made up of two or
more elements that are chemically combined.

86
Q

Two Types of Compounds

A

Ionic

Molecular

87
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

Ionic compounds are pure substances usually
consisting of at least one metal and one
non-metal.

88
Q

Properties of Ionic Compounds

A

Have high melting points

Form crystals

Dissolve in water to form solutions that
conduct electricity.

All ionic compounds are solids at room
temperature.

89
Q

Forming Ionic Compounds

A

While combining, each atom changes into an
ion. Ions form when one or more electrons
move from a metal to a non-metal.

90
Q

Ionic

A

The sodium atom loses an electron to become a
positive ion (cation), and the chlorine gains an
electron to become a negative ion (anion)

91
Q

Why do ions form?

A

Atoms gain or lose electrons to form a stable octet

This refers to the outer electron shell being filled to its capacity

Atoms with full outer electron shells are stable

(i.e. ALL Noble Gases are stable elements)

Atoms will move the fewest possible electrons to obtain a
complete outer shell

The electrons in the outer shell are called valence electrons

92
Q

Molecular Compounds

A

When non-metals combine, a pure substance called a
molecular compound is formed.

In molecular compounds, the atoms share electrons to
form small groups called molecules.

Examples of molecular compounds include water, carbon
dioxide, and table sugar

93
Q

Chemical Families?

A

Alkali metals.
Alkaline earth metals.
Halogens.
Noble gases

94
Q

Alkali metals.

A

Li, Na, K
1 valence
Metal
Reactive metals

95
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Mg, Ca, Be
2 valence
Metal
Reactive Metal

96
Q

Halogens

A

F, Cl, Br
7 valence
non-metals
reactive gases

97
Q

Nobel gases

A

Ne, He, Ar
8 valence (except He has 2)
non metals
non reactive gases

Science (9 decks)

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