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Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 main spheres?

A

Lithosphere (Rocks)
Biosphere (Living things)
Atmosphere (air, gases)
Hydrosphere (rain, oceans)

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2
Q

Atmosphere?

A

Layer of gases around the earth (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen)

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3
Q

Benefits of the atmosphere?

A

Helps to moderate the earths temperature and blocks solar radiation and UV light.

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4
Q

Lithosphere?

A

The rocky outer shell of earth. Consists of rocks and minerals. Ex Mountains, OCEAN FLOORS.

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5
Q

Hydrosphere?

A

All of the earths water in solid, liquid and gas form.

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6
Q

Biosphere

A

bio=life

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7
Q

List an example of the 4 spheres interacting

A

Rain (hydro) falls on the soil (litho) which causes grass (bio) to grow.

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8
Q

Gaia Hypothesis?

A

Proposed that earth behaves like a living organism due to interactions among the 4 spheres

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9
Q

How is earths mass related to its ability to have an atmosphere.

A

Earths mass creates a fore of gravity strong enough to hold gases near its surface. (bigger planet can maintain bigger atmosphere)

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10
Q

If earth is so large, why do scientists consider the biosphere to be weak.

A

Because the biosphere in comparison to the earth is very thin.

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11
Q

Birds are a part of the

A

biosphere

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12
Q

An event?

A

Smth that causes a change in 1 or more spheres.

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13
Q

A change?

A

A change in one sphere results in changes in others.

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14
Q

Spheres are affected by natural and human events on our planet such as

A

Volcanoes, Earthquakes, pollution, oil spills and storms.

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15
Q

An ecosystem

A

All the living organisms that share a region and interact with each other and their non-living environment.

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16
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living components on an ecosystem (TEMP,WIND, WATER AND ROCKS)

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17
Q

Biotic

A

The living components of an environment (Grass, animals trees)

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18
Q

Ecosystems can be divided into _ groups

A

2

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19
Q

Natural ecos

A

An ecosystem that has occurred overtime due to the effects of nature. Meadows, Forests, Ponds and Streams

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20
Q

Artificial ecos

A

An ecosystem that is planned and maintained by humans. (Park, zoos, farms and school yards.)

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21
Q

Aquatic Eco

A

An ecosystem that exists in a water body. (Pond,river,lake,swamps and streams)

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22
Q

Terrestrial Eco

A

An ecosystem that exists on land (mountain, grassland and urban/artificial.

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23
Q

Bio-diversity

A

Number of diff species in an ecosystem

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24
Q

Ecology

A

Study of how species interact with each other and their environments.

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25
Q

Community

A

Different populations that live in the same area.

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26
Q

Population

A

All the individuals of a single species that live in the same area.

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27
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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28
Q

Ecological Niche

A

When a species interacts with its environment and other species. (How it behaves)

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29
Q

Sustainability

A

An ecosystem is sustainable if it can maintain natural conditions without interruption, weakening or loss of biodiversity for long periods of time.

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30
Q

% of energy reflected by clouds or earths surface

A

30

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31
Q

% of energy absorbed by the atmosphere water and land

A

70

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32
Q

% absorbed by living organisms

A

0.023

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33
Q

Producers

A

Produce their own food by doing photosynthesis. (Plants)

34
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A chemical in plants that absorbs light energy

35
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water + light energy= Glucose and oxygen

36
Q

Consumers

A

Obtain energy by eating other organisms that contained stored energy. (Humans)

37
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The sugar and oxygen are changed into water and carbon dioxide, and energy is released. (Opposite of Photosynthesis).

38
Q

Herbivore

A

Eats plant only

39
Q

Energy is converted into diff forms BUT

A

never returns to its source

40
Q

Water Cycle?

A

Condensation to Precip to surface runoff or groundwater to Ocean to evaporation and repeat

41
Q

Condensation?

A

Condensation is the process by which water vapour in the air is changed into liquid water; it’s the opposite of evaporation.

42
Q

Precipitation?

A

Precipitation is water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface.

43
Q

How much energy is passed through trophic levels

A

10%

44
Q

True or false decomposers decompose dead things and it has no effect on the plants

A

false

45
Q

True or false, a parasite that has a symbiotic relationship has a neutral effect on the host

A

false

46
Q

Surface Runoff?

A

Surface runoff is precipitation that runs off the landscape.

47
Q

Evaporation?

A

Evaporation is the process that changes liquid water to gaseous water (water vapor).

48
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

During the carbon cycle, carbon moves between the
biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystems

49
Q

Source of carbon deposits

A

It is stored in deposits such as coal, limestone, ocean
sediments, shells of marine animals, oil, and natural
gas

50
Q

How do human activities change the carbon cycle

A

Auto Emissions and Deforestation.

51
Q

Limiting factor?

A

A limiting factor is any factor
that restricts the size of a
population or where it can live.

52
Q

Biotic limiting factors

A

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

53
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the
maximum population size of a
species that a given ecosystem can sustain

54
Q

Why is soil health important

A

Plants depend on soil for physical support and nutrients.

55
Q

How do human actions deplete soil nutrients

A

Through intensive agriculture, human activity prevents the soil from regenerating as the same minerals have to be used continuously.

56
Q

Positives of Fertilizer

A

Grows crops faster and bigger, cheap and easy to transport.

57
Q

Negatives of Fertilizer

A

Can pollute bodys of water can deplete soil

58
Q

Climate change

A

As greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth, they trap the sun’s heat. This leads to global warming and climate change. The world is now warming faster than at any point in recorded history

59
Q

Effects of Climate change on aquatic ecos

A

A warmer climate will result in greater evaporation from water surfaces and greater transpiration by plants which will result in a more vigorous water cycle.

60
Q

Effects of Climate change on terrestrial ecos

A

Spread of invasive species, disruption of food webs, Habitat loss and Wildfires

61
Q

Biodiversity?

A

Variety of organisms in an area

62
Q

Community

A

The collection of all the populations of all the species in an ecosystem.

63
Q

Detritus

A

Waste from plants and animals, including their dead remains

64
Q

5 human actions that can affect carrying capacity

A
  • Hunting
  • Polluting
  • Deforestation
  • Over exploiting
  • Clearing farmland, fertilizer use
65
Q

Sources of air pollution?

A

Fossil fuels, cars, burning wood, smoking, forest fires.

66
Q

Sources of water pollution?

A

Litter, oil spills, chemical dumps, use of fertilizer and pesticides.

67
Q

Ecological Succession?

A

The mix of species and habitat in an area change over time.

68
Q

Worm burrows in ground

A

Bio to Litho

69
Q

Rain in ajax

A

Hydro to Atmos

70
Q

Sources of carbon in the abiotic environment

A

Soil, ocean and air

71
Q

Sources of carbon in the biotic environment

A

Plants, humans

72
Q

How is burning excess fossil fuels disrupting the carbon cycle.

A

Excess carbon is being released into the atmos and isn’t being recycled back into living things.

73
Q

Why aerate your lawn?

A

TO help nitrogen reach the roots of the pants

74
Q

Two abiotic factors that human action has disrupted in terrestrial and aquatic ecos

A

Fertilizer use, forest fires, plastic in oceans, thermal pollution.

75
Q

3 biotic limiting factors

A

Diseases, food availability, predators and competition.

76
Q

3 types of symbiosis (two species live near/on each other)

A

Commenilism - one wins and the other don’t care
Mutualism - both win
Parasitism - 1 lives on a host and feeds on it

77
Q

Alternatives to excessive fertilizer use

A

Crop Rotation
No tillage
Polyculture planting
Crop selection

78
Q

Crop rotation

A

Rotating crops

79
Q

No tillage

A

Helps retain soil, reduces
water loss and erosion

80
Q

Polyculture planting

A

Farms or forest managers choose to
plant multiple species together

81
Q

Crop selection

A

Farms choose to plant species that
are best suited for the local
environment.

Require less added nutrients,
water, and herbicides

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