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Exam 5 Cardiology > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

Big boxes on an EKG account for how many seconds?

A

0.20 seconds

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2
Q

Small boxes on EKG account for how many seconds?

A

0.04 Seconds

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3
Q

A single lead can show?

A

Rate and regularity of rhythm and time to conduct an impulse

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4
Q

P wave is indicative of?

A

Atrial depolarization

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5
Q

QRS complex is indicative of?

A

Ventricles depolarizing

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6
Q

T wave is indicitive of?

A

Ventricles repolarizing

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7
Q

PR interval lasts how many seconds?

A

0.12-0.20 seconds

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8
Q

QRS interval lasts how many seconds?

A

0.04-0.12 seconds

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9
Q

QT interval lasts how many seconds?

A

0.33-0.42 seconds

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10
Q

Q wave is the first?

A

Negative deflection

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11
Q

Absolute refractory is?

A

Before downslope of T wave and is not capable of being affected by inside or outside forces

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12
Q

Upright P waves indicate?

A

Rhythm is coming from atria

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13
Q

Inverted P wave indicates rhythm originates in?

A

AV node or AV junction

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14
Q

No P wave indicates rhythm is originating in?

A

AV node and located in QRS which is narrow

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15
Q

How do Junctional rhythms appear on the EKG?

A

Inverted P wave before QRS
Absent P wave
Inverted P wave after QRS

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16
Q

The rythm containing no P wave and wide QRS originates in?

A

Purkinje system or ventricles

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17
Q

Six second method counting can be used with which rhythms?

A

Regular or irregular

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18
Q

The RR interval is used how?

A

Counting big boxes between R waves divide into 300

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19
Q

Which counting methods are only used with regular rhythms?

A

RR interval and triplicate method

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20
Q

What is the only Irregularly Irregular rhythm?

A

AFIB

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21
Q

More P waves than QRS occurs with which rhythms?

A

AV HEART BLOCKS

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22
Q

Define sinus bradycardia

A

Sinus rhythm with rate less than 60

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23
Q

When is a rhythm classified as a symptomatic bradycardic?

A

BP less than 90, decreased mental status, pulmonary edema

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24
Q

What are 2 times atropine is stopped?

A

Heart rate is greater than 60 and atropine is maxed out at 3 mg

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25
Q

Which sinus rhythm is irregular with normal P wave, QRS, T waves?

A

Sinus Arrhythmia

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26
Q

Which rhythm contains normal sinus with period of flatline?

A

Sinus Arrest

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27
Q

Sinus tach is classified as a sinus rhythm with a rate greater than?

A

100bpm

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28
Q

Premature atrial contractions usually occur where?

A

On previous T wave

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29
Q

A rhythm with varying P waves and a rate 45-100 is considered to be called a ?

A

Wandering Pacemaker

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30
Q

How does Atrial Flutter appear?

A

Sawtooth

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31
Q

F waves are seen in which rhythm?

A

Atrial Flutter

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32
Q

Which rhythm, atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation is regular?

A

Atrial flutter

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33
Q

AFIB is only treated if the rate is greater than?

A

180

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34
Q

If P waves are all upright but look different, the rhythm is originating from?

A

Different sites in the atria

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35
Q

If P waves are upright and the QRS is wide, the rhythm is originating from?

A

Atria

36
Q

If P waves are inverted, the rhythm is originating from?

A

AV junction

37
Q

If P waves are not present and the QRS is narrow, the rhythm is originating from the?

A

AV junction

38
Q

If P waves are not present, and the QRS is wide, the rhythm is originating from?

A

The ventricles

39
Q

The PR interval will determine if what exists?

A

AV block

40
Q

If the PR interval is less than 0.20 seconds, a block?

A

Does not exist

41
Q

If the PR interval is greater than 0.20 seconds, a block?

A

Does exist

42
Q

If the QRS is wide, with no P waves present, the rhythm is originating in?

A

The Ventricles

43
Q

Normal rates for junctional rhythm?

A

40-60

44
Q

What is the pacemaker for junctional rhythms?

A

AV junction

45
Q

The ST segment is used for determining?

A

Damage to heart muscle

46
Q

An elevated ST segment is usually indicative of?

A

Current infacrt

47
Q

If T wave is inverted, this may indicate?

A

previous or current ischemia

48
Q

What is the regularly irregular rhythm?

A

Bigeminal PVC

49
Q

What occurs during a R on T phenomenon?

A

Heart is trying to contract during resting period

50
Q

When are PVCs classified as malignant PVCs?

A

More than 6 per minute, PVCs with chest pain, multifocal PVCs, Couplets, Runs of VTACH, R on T phenomenon, Bradycardia and hemodynamically unstable

51
Q

What are the concerns (in order) with treating PVCs?

A

Rate
Rhythm
BP

52
Q

3 or more PVCs in a row is called?

A

Run of VTACH

53
Q

What is the normal rate for an idioventricular rhythm?

A

15-40

54
Q

Torsades is caused by?

A

Prolonged QT, post surgery, low magnesium

55
Q

What is the dug of choice for torsades?

A

2GM magnesium sulfate in 100cc bag over 6-10 minutes

56
Q

More course Vfib =?

A

Less down time

57
Q

What leads are included in the inferior grouping of a 12-lead?

A

II, III, aVF

58
Q

What leads are included in the anterior grouping on 12-lead?

A

V3, V4

59
Q

Which leads are included in the lateral grouping on a 12 lead?

A

1, aVL, V5, v6

60
Q

Where should V1 lead be placed?

A

4th intercostal space, right sternal border

61
Q

Where should the V2 lead be placed?

A

Left sternal border

62
Q

T wave inversion indicates?

A

Ischemia

63
Q

ST elevation indicates?

A

Injury

64
Q

ST elevation is measured starting at the?

A

J point

65
Q

ST depression indicates?

A

Ischemia

66
Q

What does ST depression (alone in anterior leads) indicate?

A

A posterior MI

67
Q

Pathological Q waves indicate?

A

Infarction

68
Q

A q wave must be how wide to indicate infarct?

A

1 small box

69
Q

Which leads are considered septal leads?

A

V1 and V2

70
Q

If inferior portion of the heart is in MI, which artery are involved?

A

Right coronary artery

71
Q

If anterior portion of the heart is in MI, which artery is involved?

A

Left ascending

72
Q

If inferior lead injury is noted what should be done?

A

V4R

73
Q

How is a V4R conducted?

A

Moving V4 to the right side

Remove V1 and V2 leads

74
Q

In einthovens triangle, the direction from the negative to the positive electrode is the?

A

Leads axis

75
Q

Which leads help view the left ventricle and septum?

A

Precordial leads

76
Q

Where is the positive electrode in lead 2 usually placed?

A

Apex of the heart on the chest wall

77
Q

Where is the negative electrode in lead II placed?

A

Below right clavicle

78
Q

A prolonged PRI indicates a delay in which node?

A

AV

79
Q

How does ischemia appear on an ECG?

A

ST segment depression or an inverted T wave

80
Q

Which leads view the anterior surface of the heart?

A

Leads V1-V4

81
Q

Which leads can view the inferior portion of the heart?

A

II, III, aVF

82
Q

Explain enhanced automaticity.

A

This condition results when ectopic foci automatically depolarize and produce ectopic beats

83
Q

How is Pericarditis represented on an EKG?

A

ST elevation in all or nearly all leads with concave shaped T waves

84
Q

Which leads are included in augmented leads?

A

I, II, II, AVR, AVF, AVL

85
Q

Lead 1 looks at which part of the heart?

A

Lateral

Exam 5 Cardiology (7 decks)

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