Cardiac Conditions Flashcards
Unstable angina occurs when?
At random
Plaque buildup of arteries?
Atherosclerosis
What occurs during Prinzmetals angina?
Spasming of coronary vessels often in patients without coronary atherosclerosis
What is occurring during Stable angina?
Oxygen demand increases but supply does not keep up
Duration of angina pectoris?
Episodes last 3-5 minutes
What condition typically has sudden onset which may radiate or be localized to the chest?
Angina Pectoris
12 leads with non-specific ST changes indicates?
Angina
1 reason for death from MI?
Dysrhythmias
Assessment for an ACS emergency should present with signs of?
Shock
In an ACS emergency, discomfort should typically last how long?
Longer than 30 minutes
In an ACS emergency, time from onset to treatment should be less than?
6 hours
Transport with an ACS emergency should be to a place capable of?
PCI
Oxygen should always be given if O2 stat is below?
94%
Mental status changes with heart failure indicate?
Impending respiratory failure
What occurs during A cardiac tamponade?
Fluid buildup between visceral and parietal percardium
What is becks triad?
Narrowing pulse pressure, JVD, muffled heart tones
What does becks triad indicate?
Cardiac tamponade
What is the definitive treatment for cardiac tamponade?
Pericardiocentesis
How are hypertensive crises’ treated?
They are not directly treated; only treat signs and symptoms
What are some signs an symptoms of hypertensive crisis’?
Blurred vision, Tinnitus, Vertigo, SOB, Headache
Blood pressure is considered to be hypertensive if over?
160/90
Pulse in hypertensive crisis’ present how?
Strong and bounding
Signs and symptoms with cardiogenic shock?
Normal pulse, Systolic less than 90
Peaked T wave is indicative of?
Hyperkalemia
What rhythm is commonly seen with electrocution?
VFIB
Terminating resuscitation is indicated when?
on-scene effort>25 minutes, four rounds of drug therapy, patient is over 18 years old, post advanced airway
Spongey plaque of arteries
Atherosclerosis
Progressive degenerative disease of the MEDIUM AND LARGE ARTERIES.
Atherosclerosis
What is an aneurysm?
Ballooning of an arterial wall resulting from a weakness or defect in the wall
An abdominal aortic aneurysm is often the result of?
Atherosclerosis
What are signs and symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Abdominal pain, back/flank pain, hypotension, urge to defecate
Blood clot in a vein is called?
Deep Venous Thrombosis
Pericarditis is differentiated from MI by?
Listening for pericardial friction rub and determine if pain is relieved when patient leans forward while seated
What is the most common cause of left sided heart failure?
MI
What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?
Left sided heart failure
Define hypertensive encephalopathy
A cerebral disorder of hypertension indicated by severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status
Left sided heart failure backs up into?
Lungs
Right sided heart failure backs up into?
Body
What is the greatest risk associated with terminating atrial fibrillation in the prehospital setting?
Stroke
There are 3 large boxes between R waves on an ECG tracing. What is the heart rate?
100
An accelerated junction all rhythm has a rate between ____ and ____.
60,100
The pressure in the left ventricle at the end of diastole is called?
Preload
Three aspects of WPW?
Delta wave
Bundle of Kent
Pre-Excitation syndrome
ONLY TREAT IF TACHYCARDIC
Which coronary artery feeds inferior side of heart?
Right
Which coronary artery can cause an Inferior MI?
Right coronary artery
Fibrinolytics are most effective if given within ____ hour.
1
Right heart failure can be caused by?
Pulmonary embolus
Cor pulmonale (COPD)
Pulmonary hypotension
