Effects of predators and anti-predator strategies Flashcards
What is an arms race?
struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, traits, or species, that develop adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other
What is pronking and stotting?
When animals jump lifting their back legs in the air to show strength to predators to protect themselves
What do primary defences do?
Reduce the probability of an attack
What do secondary defences do?
Reduce the likelihood of a successful attack
What is predator inspection?
Staring at a predator to show that they are not concealed or disguised
e.g. burbek monkey points at snake
What is mullerian mimicry?
Honest signal
What is batesian mimicry?
Dishonest signal
What is selfish herding?
Hiding in large herds to decrease chances of being attacked by predator.
What does vigilance mean?
Keeping careful and looking out for danger
How does a ringed plover distract its predator?
Pretends it has a broken arm
How does the thread fin butterflyfish distract predators?
has a fake eye
Example of mullerian mimicry
Monarch butterflies are orange to show they are toxic
Example of batesian mimicry
Viceroy butterflies are harmless but appear toxic
Example of dilution
penguins being black on top means they blend into sea and white beneath means blend to sky
benefits of being in a group
dilution, confusion, selfish herding (flamingos), vigilance (giraffe)
