Behaviour and Speciation

Question 1

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 1

Diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches

Question 2

What are new species a consequence of?

Answer 2

cladogenesis

Question 3

What is cladogenesis?

Answer 3

Branching to produce new species

Question 4

Speciation means that different types of animal undergo independent divergence maintaining what?

Answer 4

Seperate identities, evolutionary tendencies and fates.

Question 5

Why is speciation largely based on inferences?

Answer 5

Too fast to be documented in fossil record but too slow to study as it occurs

Question 6

What are sibling species?

Answer 6

Evolved to look the same as other animals that they are actually distinct from

Sibling species (aphanic species) species are very similar in appearance, behaviour and in other characteristics, but they are reproductively isolated.

Question 7

When do hybrid zones occur?

Answer 7

When species are so closely related that their offspring can be viable and fertile.

Question 8

Hybrid zones keep a bid of what?

Answer 8

Variation

Question 9

What is a panmictic population?

Answer 9

Chance for breeding with everybody else in a population.

Question 10

Example of a panmictic population

Answer 10

Pupfish in Devil’s hole

Question 11

What is a cline?

Answer 11

A cline refers to a spatial gradient in a specific, singular trait, rather than a gradient in a population as a whole. A single population can therefore theoretically have as many clines as it has traits.

Question 12

What is an example of a cline?

Answer 12

The skull size of Deer changes with temerature

Question 13

What is Bergmann’s rule?

Answer 13

Lager size species are found in colder environemnts

Question 14

What is a pre-zygotic barrier?

Answer 14

Stops transfer of gametes before mating

Question 15

What is post-zygotic barrier?

Answer 15

Produce offspring that is infertile

Question 16

Example of pre-zygotic barrier

Answer 16

Booby birds will reject birds with different coloured feet

Question 17

Why do hybrids not always work?

Answer 17

Unviable or sterile

Question 18

What are the four types of how species form?

Answer 18

Allopatric
Peripatric
Parapatric
Sympatric

Question 19

What is allopatric speciation?

Answer 19

Populations of the same species become isolated and form into a new species

Question 20

Example of allopatric speciation?

Answer 20

Adaptive radiation with Darwin’s finches

Question 21

What is peripatric speciation?

Answer 21

Closely related species in an isolated area

Question 22

Example of peripatric speciation

Answer 22

Polar bear and brown bear

Question 23

What is parapatric speciation?

Answer 23

Adjacent ranges with a narrow contact zone so species form in a new area

Question 24

Example of parapatric speciaiton

Answer 24

Lizards.

evolution along a gradient

Question 25

What is sympatric speciation?

Answer 25

Evolution of new species within the same habitat due to reproductive isolation

Question 26

Example of sympatric speciation

Answer 26

Cichlid fish with different diets

Question 27

What did Crook find about behavioural differences in Weaver birds?

Answer 27

Those in the forest were insectivorous and monogamous whereas the savannah-dwelling ones with granivorous and polygynous

Question 28

What is an allopatric population?

Answer 28

Occurring in separate, non-overlapping areas

Question 29

What is sympatric speciation?

Answer 29

Occurring within the same area

Question 30

Genetic changes in a allopatric population can be caused by what?

Answer 30

genetic drift, divergent ecological or by sexual selection

Question 31

When can sympatric speciation occur?

Answer 31

If disruptive selection favours preferences for different habitats

Question 32

Example of sibling species

Answer 32

alder and willow flycatcher

Question 33

What is needed for the development of a weapon?

Answer 33

• Defendable resource
• Competition
• One-on-one duel