EE11

Question 1

What is the morphological species concept?

Pros/Cons

Answer 1

collection of individuals with similar morphology that differ from other such groups. 
Pros 
-easy, adaptive traits
Cons
-plasticity, polymorphisms
- worms in hydrothermal vents
Hot=short fat and flexible with white tubes
Cold=long skinny, long tubes

Question 2

What is the biological species concept?

Pros/Cons

Answer 2

species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature, not according to similarity of appearance.
Pros
-key evolutionary concept
Cons
-need crossing experiments
-hybrids - blue whale and fin whale
-asexual organisms

Question 3

What is the phylogentic species concept?

Pros/Cons

Answer 3

distinct group that share a common ancestor and can be distinguished from other such groups
Pros
-practical
-can apply to assexuals
Cons
-cryptic species (2 or more species hidden under one species name) - deep sea limpits
-where to draw line
-taxonomic inflation

Question 4

What is interesting about the Ensantia Salamander?

Answer 4

• lungless coniferous salamander
• ring species ( a situation in which 2 populations which do not interbreed are living in the same region and connected by a geographic ring of populations that can interbreed.)
• 10 populations in horseshoe can interbreed but west and east subspecies cannot.
• incipient species, illustrates all stages of process.

Question 5

What is
Allopatric
Sympatric

Answer 5

Allopatric - geographic speciation

sympatric - same geographic region

Question 6

What did the land strip isthmus of panama create?

Answer 6

lots of sister species 1 caribean 1 pacific on opposite sides.
reproductive isolation is mostly due to behaviour

Question 7

What are the 2 types of reproductive isolation?

Answer 7

prezygotic 
-mate choice, genital morphology
postzygotic
-hybrids inviable
-hybrids sterile
-hybrids poorly adapted.

*selection against inviable hybrids leads to reinforcement of prezygotic isolation

Question 8

What is parapatric?

Give an example of this

Answer 8

When ranges dont overlap, adjacent
eg. M.guttatus flower, adjacent populatrion on copper mine has adapted copper tolerance, partial gene flow, strong selection and reproductive isolation, hybrid lethality