EE07

Question 1

What are the potential benefits of group living?

Answer 1

1. Foraging
2. Predation
   
   • ‘selfish herd’
   • ‘dilution effect’
   • ‘vigilance effect’
   • ‘confusion effect’
   • potential for defence
3. Social benefits
   
   • learning
   • mating
   • sharing
   • assistance in rearing
   • division of labour

Question 2

What are the potential costs of group living?

Answer 2

• increased mate and food competition
• disease
• conspicuous
• cuckoldery

Question 3

What is the socioecological model?

Answer 3

females arrange themselves with respect to food

males arrange themselves with respect to females.

Question 4

What is the basal metabolic rate?

Answer 4

energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment in a post absorbative state = digestive system inactive

Question 5

What are the 4 diet types?

Answer 5

Frugivory
Folivory
Faunivory
Gumnivory

Question 6

What is the correlation between body size and food type?

Answer 6

primates with smaller body size eat higher quality food- faster metabolism
as body size increases quality of food consumed decreases

Question 7

What are the two types of resource distribution?

Answer 7

Scramble - even dsitribution

Contest/clump patch

Question 8

what is:
polyandry
polygyny

Answer 8

polyandry - one female many males

polygyny - one male many females

Question 9

What is kin selection?

Answer 9

evolutionary strategy - favours reproductive success of organisms relatives, even at cost to organisms own survival

Question 10

What is the inclusive fittness theory?

Answer 10

genetic success is derived from cooperation and altruistic behavior

Question 11

What is eusociality?

Answer 11

highest level of organisation of animal society.
defined by:
cooperative brood care
overlapping generations in colony of adults
division of labour

Question 12

What is haplodiploidy?

Answer 12

sex determined system
males develop from unfertilised eggs haploid
females develop from fertilized diploid

Question 13

What is reciprocal altruism?

Answer 13

Behavior whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organisms fittness with the expectation of reciprocation

Question 14

What is hamiltons rule?

Answer 14

rb>c
r= coefficient of relatedness
b = benefit to recipient
c= cost of altruist

Question 15

When is reciprocal altruism predicted to evolve?

Answer 15

cost altruism is low
benefit to recipient is high
expected repeated interactions
penalty of cheating is loss of future benefits