Edwin H Sutherland; Gresham Sykes & David Matza Flashcards
Gresham Sykes & David Matza
lets do this!
Techniques of Neutralization was around 1957
(a few years after sub-culture) true? or False?
True
Cohen says “opposite” of conventional values
true
Miller says “different” from conventional values
true
Gresham Sykes & David Matza said, “same” value system as conventional system.
true
Techniques of Neutralization
deviance is excused
true
Was Techniques of Neutralization a direct response to the sub-culture theorists, specifically Cohen?
yes
Was Techniques of Neutralization and Miller’s “different” subculture published at about the same time?
yes
Sykes & Matza say we are all criminals we all have save value system, but we find excuses or “neutralizers” for ourselves and those around us who committing deviant behavior
true
Sykes & Matza’s theories are left wing (liberal) more progressive ideology.
true
Does Durkheim and Sykes & Matza believe we are all criminals? We all engage in criminal behavior?
yes
In this theory its about an individual excuse not a societal excuse or neutralization.
true
What are these techniques of neutralization?
Denial of responsibility.
1) Is denial of responsibility say, “It was the “circumstance” that led to my deviant behavior, otherwise I wouldn’t have committed the deviant act.”
yes
E.g. of this “Denial of Responsibility” is entrapment, looting, elderly who were “strained”
yes
What is the difference between Park & G.S. & D.M. in the elderly committing crimes?
G.S & D.M needs the element of “circumstance,” and leaves out any social disorganization elements.
2) Denial of Injury
lets do this!
Yes, I did it! But no harm no foul.
No victim, so I didn’t really commit a crime.
Is example of “denial of injury” joyriding, graffiti, smoking, and weed?
yes
3) Denial of Victim (yes I did it, but. . . )
yes
Is an example of “denial of victim” in accusation of switched victim/suspect?
yes
In this example, rapist/child molester in jail, shot during burglar, steal overpriced product, shot gang member 1st and looting.
true
4) condemning from condemnor
lets do this
In this instance, the condemnor is doing the same or worse act than me. (no denial of crime)
true
In example, of this is an officer for texting or on cell phone while driving, but issues citation for same act.
yes
Correction officer sells cell phone then disciplines the inmate for cell phone possession. Is an example of?
condemning from condemnor
5) Appeal to higher loyalty
lets do this
In this case, I did the deviant act because I am connected to an intimate group or person; loyalty.
true
An example of this is karate kid that was molested, right?
yes
It’s more important to commit the deviant behavior than the punishment to follow.
true
Sutherland and Cressy is about what theory
differential association
Is “social disorganization” and Sutherland’s “differential association” similar?
yes
Sutherland’s theory is that deviant behavior is “learned.”
true
Sutherland’s theory says, “time in our life,” is related deviant tendency.
true
When you hang out with deviants, than you are more likely to be a deviant.
true
When you hang out with law-abiding citizens than you are less likely to be a deviant.
true
Sutherland says, “its about who you hang with.”
true
Sutherland’s example in regards to deviants is our social contact in different times of our life. From childhood to adulthood.
true
Hence, the theory’s name: “differential association.”
yes
Does Edwin H. Sutherland’s theory coincide with Chicago’s Clifford Shaw & Henry McKay?
NO:
Sutherland: delinquency is an individual learned environmental issue.
Clifford Shaw & Henry McKay: say it’s a learned societal issue. Normal people in an abnormal society.
Sutherland - delinquency is our personal association to other criminals
true
Sutherland - 1) learned individual behavior
true
e.g. learning is done through process of communication.
true
2) learning occurs “primarily through personal intimate groups.”
yes
3) does learning of criminal behavior have two parts?
yes
What is the first part?
techniques “hard skills”
e.g.: what is cocaine, cut, weights etc
true
What is the second part?
soft skills
What are soft skills?
specific drives, motivation, fit in, truck, dress, culture.
5) specific motives and influences result from definitions of legal code as favorable or unfavorable
true
e.g. balance: surrounded by people who break the law vs don’t break the law
is relative to me breaking OR not breaking the law.
6) People who engage in delinquency because an excess of definitions favorable to breaking the law
true
eg. social pressure by your affiliates to breaks the law
true
7) differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority and intensity. (Lambroso)
yes
Frequency- is relative to influence
true
Duration- how much time is relative to influence
true
Priority- best friend (high influence) VS friend (less influence)
true
Intensity- active or passive pressure or influence. Observation of crime Vs verbal coercion to commit crime.
true
8) Process of learning criminal behavior is the same process as any other hard & soft skills (legitimate or not). False or True
True
Sutherland therefore claims no difference between career in crime or legitimate job.
true
Sutherland’s theory is in agreement with Richard Cloward and Lloyed Ohlin’s theory.
true
Sutherland’s theory opposes Merton’s theory.
true
9) While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values; its not explained by those general needs and values; since non-criminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values. (see #65)
true
Strain theory: societal desires is not individual fault; society’s fault.
true
Sutherland says no! to strain theory. Because the same impetus applies to legitimate careers. It is more of an individual choice.
true
Why does Sutherland disagree with Merton?
motivation is the same for illegitimate and legitimate careers.
TEST: scantron 50/50 skinny long
yes
TEST: pencil (name, time)
yes
Memorize the names of the theorist
true
Social Disorder
Park; Clifford Shaw & Henry McKay
Which readings go with which theory
true
Learn theoretical frameworks (how many)
sub-culture; three characters
Theory that thinks criminals and non-criminals are fundamentally different : Atavism
true
Theory who thinks criminals and non-criminals are not fundamentally different:
Durkheim; Stykes and Matza
Where they land on political continuum
atavism (right wing) social disorganization (right wing)
Is left wing liberals?
yes
Techniques of Neutralization is more left wing, liberal than sub-culture.
true.
right wing is conservative or liberal
conservative
Is there only two theories that are right wing ?
yes; atavism and social disorganization
Does Sykes and Matza vehemently reject Walter Miller
and Albert Cohen’s sub-culture theories?
yes, they say lower class is bullshit; we all commit crimes. we all have same values.
Is atavism a reactionary (progressive theory)
no
Techniques of Neutralization more progressive than Sub-cultural theories?
true
Styles and Matza wrote Tech. of Neutralization as a direct response to sub-cultures.
true
Durkheim wrote “normal and pathological” as a direct response to atavistic approach.
true
Sutherland’s nine
yes
Learn Beccaria’s different points about criminal justice
yes
