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Early Conceptions of Criminal Justice > Edwin H Sutherland; Gresham Sykes & David Matza > Flashcards

Edwin H Sutherland; Gresham Sykes & David Matza Flashcards

1
Q

Gresham Sykes & David Matza

A

lets do this!

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2
Q

Techniques of Neutralization was around 1957

(a few years after sub-culture) true? or False?

A

True

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3
Q

Cohen says “opposite” of conventional values

A

true

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4
Q

Miller says “different” from conventional values

A

true

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5
Q

Gresham Sykes & David Matza said, “same” value system as conventional system.

A

true

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6
Q

Techniques of Neutralization

deviance is excused

A

true

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7
Q

Was Techniques of Neutralization a direct response to the sub-culture theorists, specifically Cohen?

A

yes

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8
Q

Was Techniques of Neutralization and Miller’s “different” subculture published at about the same time?

A

yes

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9
Q

Sykes & Matza say we are all criminals we all have save value system, but we find excuses or “neutralizers” for ourselves and those around us who committing deviant behavior

A

true

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10
Q

Sykes & Matza’s theories are left wing (liberal) more progressive ideology.

A

true

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11
Q

Does Durkheim and Sykes & Matza believe we are all criminals? We all engage in criminal behavior?

A

yes

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12
Q

In this theory its about an individual excuse not a societal excuse or neutralization.

A

true

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13
Q

What are these techniques of neutralization?

A

Denial of responsibility.

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14
Q

1) Is denial of responsibility say, “It was the “circumstance” that led to my deviant behavior, otherwise I wouldn’t have committed the deviant act.”

A

yes

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15
Q

E.g. of this “Denial of Responsibility” is entrapment, looting, elderly who were “strained”

A

yes

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16
Q

What is the difference between Park & G.S. & D.M. in the elderly committing crimes?

A

G.S & D.M needs the element of “circumstance,” and leaves out any social disorganization elements.

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17
Q

2) Denial of Injury

A

lets do this!

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18
Q

Yes, I did it! But no harm no foul.

A

No victim, so I didn’t really commit a crime.

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19
Q

Is example of “denial of injury” joyriding, graffiti, smoking, and weed?

A

yes

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20
Q

3) Denial of Victim (yes I did it, but. . . )

A

yes

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21
Q

Is an example of “denial of victim” in accusation of switched victim/suspect?

A

yes

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22
Q

In this example, rapist/child molester in jail, shot during burglar, steal overpriced product, shot gang member 1st and looting.

A

true

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23
Q

4) condemning from condemnor

A

lets do this

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24
Q

In this instance, the condemnor is doing the same or worse act than me. (no denial of crime)

A

true

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25
Q

In example, of this is an officer for texting or on cell phone while driving, but issues citation for same act.

A

yes

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26
Q

Correction officer sells cell phone then disciplines the inmate for cell phone possession. Is an example of?

A

condemning from condemnor

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27
Q

5) Appeal to higher loyalty

A

lets do this

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28
Q

In this case, I did the deviant act because I am connected to an intimate group or person; loyalty.

A

true

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29
Q

An example of this is karate kid that was molested, right?

A

yes

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30
Q

It’s more important to commit the deviant behavior than the punishment to follow.

A

true

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31
Q

Sutherland and Cressy is about what theory

A

differential association

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32
Q

Is “social disorganization” and Sutherland’s “differential association” similar?

A

yes

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33
Q

Sutherland’s theory is that deviant behavior is “learned.”

A

true

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34
Q

Sutherland’s theory says, “time in our life,” is related deviant tendency.

A

true

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35
Q

When you hang out with deviants, than you are more likely to be a deviant.

A

true

36
Q

When you hang out with law-abiding citizens than you are less likely to be a deviant.

A

true

37
Q

Sutherland says, “its about who you hang with.”

A

true

38
Q

Sutherland’s example in regards to deviants is our social contact in different times of our life. From childhood to adulthood.

A

true

39
Q

Hence, the theory’s name: “differential association.”

A

yes

40
Q

Does Edwin H. Sutherland’s theory coincide with Chicago’s Clifford Shaw & Henry McKay?

A

NO:
Sutherland: delinquency is an individual learned environmental issue.
Clifford Shaw & Henry McKay: say it’s a learned societal issue. Normal people in an abnormal society.

41
Q

Sutherland - delinquency is our personal association to other criminals

A

true

42
Q

Sutherland - 1) learned individual behavior

A

true

43
Q

e.g. learning is done through process of communication.

A

true

44
Q

2) learning occurs “primarily through personal intimate groups.”

A

yes

45
Q

3) does learning of criminal behavior have two parts?

A

yes

46
Q

What is the first part?

A

techniques “hard skills”

47
Q

e.g.: what is cocaine, cut, weights etc

A

true

48
Q

What is the second part?

A

soft skills

49
Q

What are soft skills?

A

specific drives, motivation, fit in, truck, dress, culture.

50
Q

5) specific motives and influences result from definitions of legal code as favorable or unfavorable

A

true

51
Q

e.g. balance: surrounded by people who break the law vs don’t break the law

A

is relative to me breaking OR not breaking the law.

52
Q

6) People who engage in delinquency because an excess of definitions favorable to breaking the law

A

true

53
Q

eg. social pressure by your affiliates to breaks the law

A

true

54
Q

7) differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority and intensity. (Lambroso)

A

yes

55
Q

Frequency- is relative to influence

A

true

56
Q

Duration- how much time is relative to influence

A

true

57
Q

Priority- best friend (high influence) VS friend (less influence)

A

true

58
Q

Intensity- active or passive pressure or influence. Observation of crime Vs verbal coercion to commit crime.

A

true

59
Q

8) Process of learning criminal behavior is the same process as any other hard & soft skills (legitimate or not). False or True

A

True

60
Q

Sutherland therefore claims no difference between career in crime or legitimate job.

A

true

61
Q

Sutherland’s theory is in agreement with Richard Cloward and Lloyed Ohlin’s theory.

A

true

62
Q

Sutherland’s theory opposes Merton’s theory.

A

true

63
Q

9) While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values; its not explained by those general needs and values; since non-criminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values. (see #65)

A

true

64
Q

Strain theory: societal desires is not individual fault; society’s fault.

A

true

65
Q

Sutherland says no! to strain theory. Because the same impetus applies to legitimate careers. It is more of an individual choice.

A

true

66
Q

Why does Sutherland disagree with Merton?

A

motivation is the same for illegitimate and legitimate careers.

67
Q

TEST: scantron 50/50 skinny long

A

yes

68
Q

TEST: pencil (name, time)

A

yes

69
Q

Memorize the names of the theorist

A

true

70
Q

Social Disorder

A

Park; Clifford Shaw & Henry McKay

71
Q

Which readings go with which theory

A

true

72
Q

Learn theoretical frameworks (how many)

A

sub-culture; three characters

73
Q

Theory that thinks criminals and non-criminals are fundamentally different : Atavism

A

true

74
Q

Theory who thinks criminals and non-criminals are not fundamentally different:

A

Durkheim; Stykes and Matza

75
Q

Where they land on political continuum

A

atavism (right wing) social disorganization (right wing)

76
Q

Is left wing liberals?

A

yes

77
Q

Techniques of Neutralization is more left wing, liberal than sub-culture.

A

true.

78
Q

right wing is conservative or liberal

A

conservative

79
Q

Is there only two theories that are right wing ?

A

yes; atavism and social disorganization

80
Q

Does Sykes and Matza vehemently reject Walter Miller

and Albert Cohen’s sub-culture theories?

A 
yes, they say lower class is bullshit; we all commit crimes.
we all have same values.
81
Q

Is atavism a reactionary (progressive theory)

A

no

82
Q

Techniques of Neutralization more progressive than Sub-cultural theories?

A

true

83
Q

Styles and Matza wrote Tech. of Neutralization as a direct response to sub-cultures.

A

true

84
Q

Durkheim wrote “normal and pathological” as a direct response to atavistic approach.

A

true

85
Q

Sutherland’s nine

A

yes

86
Q

Learn Beccaria’s different points about criminal justice

A

yes

Early Conceptions of Criminal Justice (16 decks)

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