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Edwardsiella Aeromonas Plesiomonas Vibrio Flashcards

1
Q

Edwardsiella and Plesiomonas share some characteristics with _______ since in same family.

A

E.coli

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2
Q

E. tarda infects which species?

A

Humans

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3
Q

P. shigelloides infects which species?

A

Humans

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4
Q

A. hydrophila infects which species?

A

Humans

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5
Q

Vibrio cholera infects which species?

A

Humans

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6
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus infects which species?

A

Humans

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7
Q

Vibrio metschenkovii infects which species?

A

Poultry

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8
Q

Edwardsiella tarda is a ______ anaerobic, Gram- _______ ____.

A

facultative, negative, rod

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9
Q

Edwardsiella tarda
a member of the __________ family

A

Enterobacteriacae

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10
Q

Edwardsiella tarda is a _______ by ______ flagella

A

motile, peritrichous (meaning multiple flagella are spread over the entire surface of the bacteria).

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11
Q

Edwardsiella tards is ubiquitous in ____ and _____ environments

A

terrestrial, aquatic as well as in fish.

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12
Q

Edwardsiella tarda is an _________ pathogen (_________)

A

opportunistic , Edwardsiellosis (disease that affects fish)

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13
Q

Edwardsiella has ______ potential

A

zoonotic (humans can get infected with Eswardsiella tarda - via contaminated water or seafood).

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14
Q

Edwardsiella ______ and ______ infections

A

foodborne, waterborne

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15
Q

What pathogen is seen here?

A
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16
Q

Attachment

A
  1. Flagella
  2. LPS
  3. Fimbriae
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17
Q

What toxins does edwardsiella secrete?

A
  1. Hemolysin
  2. Proteinase
  3. T3SS
  4. T6SS
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18
Q

How does edwardsiella avoid host defenses?

A

Evade host immune response via
1. Serum resistance
2. Capsule (anti-phagocytic and inhibit complement systems).

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19
Q

How does edwardsiella form a biofilm?

A
  1. Quorum sensing (release signal molecules to increase bacterial population density and increase virulence.)
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20
Q
A

E. tarda is an intracellular pathogen
Human epithelium cells exposed to E. tarda
1. Bind host cells
2. Vacuole of cytopasm
3. Multiple bactera present in cytooplasm =- IC rep
4. PM=lasma membrane destroyed and bacteria escape form cell

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21
Q

What are the causative agents of Edwardsiellosis in fish? Name the breeds of fish that are affected by each strain.

A

Causative agents
1. E. tarda/E. piscicida (flounder)
2. E. ictaluri (channel catfish, tilapia)
3. E. anguillarum (eel)

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of Edwaardsiellosis in fish?

A

 Symptoms
 Granuloma in multiple organs
 Ascites
 Skin ulceration

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23
Q

What is seen here?

A

Edardsiellosis

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24
Q

What is seen here?

A

Ascites

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25
What is seen here?
26
What is the causative agent of Edwardsiellosis in humans?
The causative agent is E. tardaPrimarily isolated from intestines after eating infected fish
27
What are the symptoms of Edardsiellosis in humans?
1. Gastroenteritis (diarrhea) 2. Bacteremia/Septicemia
28
Tilapia and catfish (arkansas, missipi, louisiana, texas) --> E. tarda exposure Mostly prevalent in Japan because they consume a relatively large amount of raw seafood.
29
A 4-year-old postpartum Holstein cow with acute diarrhea
30
What can be seen on necropsy in a cow that tested for Typhlocolitis by E. tarda?
- Greenish fluid - Fecal material - Deposition of fibrin - Ruptures in the cecum - Petechiae in the colon - Necrosis in the cecum - Necrosis in the colon
31
You see this on necropsy and suspect that your patient may be posiitve for Typhlocolitis by E. tarda. How do you test to confirm this?
1. Tissue collection from Small and Large intestine 2. Bacterial culture 3. McConkey Agar, Deoxy Citrate, Yersinia (negative for last two). Suspect E.tarda contaminated water and cow developed disease b/c immunocompromised (pregnant). Rare in cows, but still possible.
32
What is seen here?
Typhlocolitis by E. tarda in a cow
33
In order to diagnose and identify Edwardsiella tarda bacteria, you must 1. ______ and _____ the bacteria: incubated at ___-___°C for __ to __ days - Blood agar: _____ - MacConkey agar: ___, _____ - Brilliant green agar: ____ _____ - XLD agar: _____/____ center - Biochemical tests: (2) - Serological tests: ______ test, ____
Isolate, identify, 30-35, 2, 4, hemolytic, pale, colorless, No growth, Reddish/black, oxidase (-), catalase (+), Agglutination, ELISA
34
What is seen here?
Edwardsiella tarda
35
What is seen here?
Agglutination test Edwardsiella tarda
36
Label each section
37
How would you treat Edwardsiella tarda in fish?
Antibiotic therapy - Oxytetracycline
38
How would you control Edwardsiella tarda in fish?
Control - Quarantine (remove fish immediately) - Water quality (high temp, low O2, high organic matter and ammonia --> stress fish --> monitor water quality DAILY).
39
How would you treat Edwardsiella tarda in humans?
1. Natural cure (spontaenousl) 2. Antibiotic therapy (in severe cases) - Amoxicillin, Aminoglycosides, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Cephalosporins, Quinolones 3. Debridement (surgical intervention in severe cases)
40
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a Gram- _______, ______ anaerobic ____.
negative, facultative, rod
41
Plesiomonas shigelloides is the ____ species member in the genus.
only
42
Plesiomonas shigelloides is the only oxidase-_______ member of Enterobacteriaceae.
positive
43
Plesiomonas shigelloides is motile by ____ and _____ flagella
polar, lateral
44
Plesiomonas shigelloides is found in ____ _____.
fresh water
45
Plesiomonas shigelloides has a ____ range of hosts, but is limited to _____ and ______ regions.
wide, tropical, subtropical
46
Plesiomonas shigelloides is an _______ pathogen of fish and reptiles and has _______ potential
opportunistic, zoonotic
47
What is seen here?
Plesiomonas shigelloides In liquid medium
48
What is seen here?
Plesiomonas shigelloides in solid medium
49
The source of infection of Plesiomonas shigelloides in humans is via ______ of contaminated ____ and _____ as well as contact with _____ animals. Occurs after 2-5 days post- consumption.
ingestion, water, seafood, infected
50
The virulence factors of Plesiomonas shigelloides are?
1. Enterotoxins 2. LPS 3. Hemolysin 4. Iron acquisition system **Pathogenesis is unknown; all we know are the virulence factors.**
51
The symptoms of Plesiomonas shigelloides are?
1. Gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea) 2. Bacteremia/Septicemia (uncommon)
52
What is seen here?
P. shigelloides is not considered a critical pathogen. Swollen abdomen pictured.
53
On necropsy of sick wolf, they found...
- Hemorrhagic congestion - Hemorrhagic ascites
54
On necropsy of sick wolf, they found...
- Decolorization of the liver
55
On necropsy of sick wolf, they found...
Air bubbles in the stomach
56
On necropsy of sick wolf, they found...
Splenomegaly
57
On necropsy of sick wolf, they found...
Rod-shaped bacteria were found in the liver parenchyma and hemorrhagic ascites
58
What is seen here?
Rod-shaped bacteria were found in the liver parenchyma and hemorrhagic ascites P. shigelloides was the DX. Primary cause: food contamination and stress. Wolf hid chicken in the ground and ate it later.
59
Systemic gastrointestinal infection (septicemia) caused by _____________ __________ in a zoo animal
Plesiomonas shigelloides
60
In order to diagnose Plesiomonas shigelloides, you need to isolate and identify the bacteria via 1. ____ or ____ culture on ______ media at __° for ____-___ hours
wound, stool, selective, 37, 24-48
61
When isolating and identifying P. Shigelloides, what does the bacterium look like on the following agar: 1. Blood 2. McConkey 3.
62
Which biochemical tests could you run to test to see if your patient is positive for Pleisiomonas Shigelloides?
Biochemical tests: Catalase positive, Oxidase positive, Indole positive
63
Treatment of Plesiomonas shigelloides may ____ be required. However, if they are β-lactamase producers: - Resistant to ____ drugs --> Choice of antibiotics: (4)
not, penicillin, 1. Cephalosporins 2. Carbapenems 3. Fluoroquinolones 4. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
64
Plesiomonas means?
Neighbor of Aeromonas
65
Aeromonas is a Gram- _____, ______ anaerobic, ________ _____. It is found in ____ water (fish ____ and _____).
negative, facultative, straight rod, fresh, ponds, tanks
66
Aeromonas are apart of the _______ ____ of freshwater fish. However, it is an ________ pathogen.
normal flora, opportunistic
67
There are ____ groups of aeromonas: 1. ______ and ______ (?) - ______ pathogen 2. ____-_____ and _______ (?) - ____ pathogen
two, Motile, mesophilic, A. hydrophila, Human, Non-motile, psychrophilic, A. salmonicida, Fish
68
What is seen here?
A. hydrophila
69
What is seen here?
A. salmonicida
70
What virulence factors do Aeromonas possess for attachment?
1. Type 1 and Type IV pili 2. Flagella
71
What virulence factors do Aeromonas possess for secretion?
1. Exoenzymes 2. Hemolysins 3. Enterotoxins 4. T3SS and T6SS (allows bacteria to invade deeper tissues).
72
What virulence factors do Aeromonas possess for Biofilm formation?
1. Quorum sensing (communicate via long distance by releasing signal molecules to tell bacteria to form biofilms).
73
What virulence factors do Aeromonas possess for resistance to host immune response?
1. Capsule (anti-phagocytic) and S-layer (surface protein layer that are produced by many bacteria to form outer most layer)
74
What is seen here?
A. hydrophila - Attachment
75
Secretion
76
What is seen here?
Host cell invasion
77
What is seen here?
78
What is seen here?
79
What is seen here?
80
Aeromonas hydrophila are motile by _____ and ____ flagella and are _______; optimal growth range from __°C to ___°C
polar, lateral, Mesophilic, 20, 45
81
Aeromonas hydrophila in fish causes ?
- Hemorrhagic septicemia - Skin lesions
82
Aeromonas hydrophila in humans causes ?
- Diarrhea - Septicemia After consuming contaminated water or seafood. Open wound --> contaminated --> septicemia
83
Aeromonas salmonicida = ?
Salmon killer
84
What are the characteristics of Aeromonas salmonicida?
Aeromonas salmonicida is Non-motile Psychrophilic: optimal growth temperature of ≤15°C Fish pathogen:  Causes furunculosis in salmonid fish  Causes Ulcer disease in goldfish
85
What is seen here?
Aeromonas salmonicida Furuncle under skin filled with blood and necrotic tissue.
86
Diagnosis of A. hydrophila  Hemolysis (_)  Catalase (_)  Oxidase (_)  Growth at __°C for ___ h  ____ colonies  Mobility (__)
+, +, +, 37, 24, Large, + Mesophillic microorganism so can row at 37
87
Diagnosis of A. salmonicida  Hemolysis (_)  Catalase (_)  Oxidase (_)  Growth at __°C for ___ h  ____ colonies  Mobility (__)
 Hemolysis (+)  Catalase (+)  Oxidase (+)  Growth at 25°C for 48 h  Small colonies  Mobility (-) Cycrophillic microorganism so can row at 25
88
Aeromonas is resistant to which medications?
Resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin (due to production of β-lactamase.
89
How can you treat Aeromonas infections?
Antibiotic therapy  Third-generation cephalosporins  Carbapenems  Tetracyclines  Aminoglycosides  Fluoroquinolones  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Treatment of Aeromonas infections
90
Vibrio is a gram-______, _______ anaerobic, _______ ____.
negative, facultative, curved rod
91
Vibrio is made motile by _____ flagella.
polar
92
Vibrio is ________ and is present in ______ water and ________.
halophilic, brackish, seawater
93
Vibrio is an ________ pathogen of ____ and _____
opportunistic, fish, reptiles
94
Vibrio cholerae infects?
humans
95
Vibrio parahemolyticus infects?
humans
96
Vibrio metschnikovii infects?
chickens
97
Vibrio anguillarum infects ?
eels
98
Vibrio cholerae is a ______ pathogen (______ _____ Cholera Outbreak). It is the causative agent of _____ (O__ and O___)
human, 2010 Haiti, cholera, 1, 139
99
What is the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae?
Cholera toxin (ctx) -> Watery diarrhea -> Dehydration -> Death Once you ingest bacteria in drinking water --> SI --> produce toxin --> toxin binds to receptors on surface and is internalized in cytoplasm --> increases cAMP ---> electrolytes and water secretion --> cholera diarrhea. lose 1 L of fluid per hour. Would die of dehydration.
100
How do you treat a patient suffering from cholera?
Treatment: Oral rehydration therapy Mixture of sugar and salt. Severe cases need antibiotics; rehydration is more important
101
What is seen here?
Vibrio cholerae
102
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a cause of ______ __________ in humans
food poisoning
103
What are the virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
 Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)  T3SS/T6SS  Flagella  Adhesin (MAM7)  LPS
104
How can you identify Vibrio parahaemolyticus?  Grown on ________ media at __°C for ___-___h  Oxidase ________  Catalase ______
selective, 37, 24-48, positive, positive
105
For identification, you should us which media pictured? Describe how they look in each media.
TCBs agar is recommended for selective isolation and cultivation of vibrio species from clinical samples. Green vs. yellow W agar --> contains human or rabbit blood; not any other
106
Vibrio metschnikovii is an ______ pathogen that causes _____-like disease in ______ and other ____.
animal, cholera, chickens, birds
107
Name the virulence factors of Vibrio metschnikovii.
Virulence factors: 1. Hemolysin 2. Verotoxin
108
Vibrio metschnikovii appears as ______, _______ colonies on _____ agar and can be grown at __°C for __- ___ _____. It is poorly grown on ________ agar.
smooth, transparent, blood, 37, 24, 48h, MacConkey
109
Vibrio metschnikovii is Oxidase _____ and Catalase ______.
(-), (+)
110
Vibrio anguillarum is a ____ pathogen --> ________. It specifically effects ____water _____ and other _____.
fish, Vibriosis, salt, eels, fish Mortality is very high
111
The clinical signs of Vibriosis in fish are: 1. Skin _____ 2. ________ septicemia
necrosis, Hemorrhagic
112
The virulence factors of Vibrio anguillarum are: 1. ____ uptake system 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ______ 5. ______ 6. ____
Iron, Hemolysins, Metalloproteases, Flagella, pili, LPS
113
The specimens you would need to collect if you suspect your patient is suffering from vibrio anguillarum are?
Specimens: water sample, swab, or infected tissue
114
You can identify Vibrio anguillarum by isolating it on ____ agar with __% ____ at ___°C for ____ hours (_______) OR _____ agar (_____ colonies). The biochemical tests you can use to identify Vibrio anguillarum would be _____ and _______.
blood, 1, NaCl, 20, 48, Hemolytic, TCBS, yellow, PCR, Sequencing
115
How would you treat and control the spread of Vibrio anguillarum?
 Antibiotic therapy (Cephalosporins, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid)  Phage therapy  Probiotics  Vaccination
116

Bacteriology/ Mycology (19 decks)

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