Educational Policies Flashcards
Tripartite System
1944 Education Act- aimed to bridge the gap through meritocracy, 11+ through ‘ability testing’
3 types of school
-Secondary modern
-Grammar
-Technical
Legitimised inequality- ideology it is inborn, success depedent on early ability (not environment)
Reproduced- channeling two different classes into two different types of schools
1944
Comprehensive school system
11+ system along with grammars was to be abolished
-However not all LEAs opted to ‘go comprehensive’
-As a result grammar secondary divide still prominent
1965
Ford
Functionalist criticism
Functionalists argue comps promote social intergration by bringng children of social classes together
-However she found that there was little mixing between classes, loss of social integration
1969
Education Reform Act
Marketisation
-Reduces state control
-Increases competition
1988
Parentocracy
Idea of ‘free choice’
-Pulication of league tables and Ofsted reports
-Formula funding
-Opt out of LEA
David
Marketised system is a parentocracy
-Argues power shifts from the producers to the consumers
-Encourages diversity between schools
1993
Bartlett
League Tables
-Cream-skimming -schools can be more selective
-Silt-shifting -good schools csn avoid taking undesirable students as it damages position
1993
Funding Formula
Schools allocated funds based on how many pupils it attracts
However produces more segregation- Bartlett
Gerwitz
Parental choice
-14 London secondary schools
-Type of parent determined how far they could excersise their choice
-Privaledged skill chooser- MC
-Disconnected-local chooser- WC
-Semi-skilled chooser- WC (higher aspiration)
1995
Myth of parentocracy
Reproduces and legitamises class inequality thorugh concealing true causes and justifying existence
-System provides the myth that parents have free choice
Leech + Campos
Selection by mortgage
Fake address for catchment appeal
Friends for admissions benefit
New Labour
Education Action Zones
Aim Higher
Education Maintenence
National Literacy Stratergy
1997-2010
Benn
labour criticism
New-labour paradox
-EMAs to keep students in HE, however raised tuition fees
-Neither abolished or removed charitable status from private schools
2012
Conservative policies
Acadamies- opt out of LEA control
Free schools- improve standards via decentralised control
FSM
Pupil premium
Ball
free school criticism
Fragmented Centralisation
-F- comp system replaced by a patchwork of diverse provision, increases inequality of opportunity
-C- central government alone determines whether a school can become an acadamey or not
2011
Pollack
Blurring the public/ private boundary
-Senior officials leave to set up and work for priv sector education businesses
-Companies bid for contracts
-Flow of personnel allows for companies to buy ‘insider knowledge’
2004
Buckingham + Scanlon
Privatisation + Globalisation of education policy
-Foreign owned education services
-4 leading ed-software firms owned by multinationals, Disney, Hasbro and Vivendi
-Nation states becoming less important in policy making which is being shifted to a global level
2005
Molnar
Cola-isation
-Schools targeted by private companies as an environment for product endorsement as they ‘confer legitimacy with anything associated with them’
2005
Cola-isation
criticisms
Ball- 5,540 chocolate bars = volleyball posts
Beder- £110,000 spent Tesco = laptop
Hall
Neo-liberal revolution
-Acadamies- handing public services over to private capitalists
-Raising standards through promoting competion is a myth used to legitimate the turning of education into a source of private contracts
2011
