Class External- cultural deprivation

Question 1

Centre for Longitudinal Studies

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 1

By age 3 children from disadvantaged backgrounds already 1 year behind

Question 2

Criticism to Bernstein

Archer

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 2

Governments wrongly assume WC underachievement is simply due to low aspirations and dysfunctional families

Influence on policies

2010

Question 3

Sugarman

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 3

WC educational self imposed barriers:
-Fatalism
-Collectivism
-Immediate gratification
-Present time orientation

Subculture

1970

Question 4

Hubbs-Tait

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 4

Where parents use challenging language (elaborative), children evaluate understanding and cognitive performance improves

Language

2002

Question 5

Feinstein

Cultural Deprivation

Language

Answer 5

MC parent more likely to use elaborative code, futhermore they praise their child, encouragement develops competance

Language

2008

Question 6

Criticism

Troyna + Williams

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 6

Argues problem not in childs speech code but in speech hierarchy, teachers rank speech MC-WC-Black (label)

Language- criticism

1986

Question 7

Bernstein

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 7

Restricted code- WC, limited vocab, unfinished, grammatically simple, predictable, context-bound
Elaborated- MC, wider vocab, grammatically complex, varied, context-free. Good for analysing and reasoning , early socialisation allows children to feel ‘at home’ in education

Speech codes

1975

Question 8

Criticism to Bernstein

Gaine + George

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 8

Argue Bernstein exaggerates and oversimplifies differences in WC and MC speech patterns, reduced further since research (outdated)

1999

Question 9

Douglas

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 9

Parental interest:
WC place less value on education, therefore less abitious and encouraging for their child, less visits to school means that childs progress isn’t discussed. As a result child has less motivation to succeed.

Parents education

1964

Question 10

Feinstein

Cultural Deprivation

Parental education

Answer 10

Parents own education levels most important factor affecting child achievement . Higher qualifications provide a socialisation advantage:
-Parenting Style
-Parents educational behaviour
-Use of income

Parental education

2008

Question 11

Bernstein + Young

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 11

Educational toys:
MC mothers more like to buy equipment to stimulate childs intellectual development.
WC mothers lack resources or purchase ‘wrong’ equipment, child starts school without skills needed to progress

Use of income

1967

Question 12

Education Programmes

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 12

-Britain:
-Educational priority areas (1967)
-Education action zones (1998)
-Sure start (1998)
-Excellence in cities (1999)
-Aim higher (2004)

Compensatory resouces