Education Flashcards
Education in 1918
- education compulsory in 1880
- cast maj of schools give education until the age of 12
- students left with basic tools of reading, writing arithmetic and religious study
- grammar schools prepared students for uni
- 1902 education act encouraged working class students to enter grammar schools. Only 56 out of 1000 such students were allowed entry
- boys were taught mechanical and scientific skills while girls were educated in “home” skills
Type of school, ages, what were they taught and how many students in each in 1931 and what type of student attended
Elementary schools
Elementary schools:
Ages up to 10
Taught humanistic and scientific skills along with domestic skills for girls and manual skills for boys
In 1931 5.5 million attended
It was free so anyone could attend (however some working class children were required to work)
Type of school, ages, what were they taught and how many students in each in 1931 and what type of student attended
Secondary and technical schools
Secondary and technical schools:
Ages 11 onwards
Taught reading, spelling, handwriting and arithmetic. Also taught history and geography. Separate for boys and girls again. Needle work for girls
In 1931 600,000
Middle class children (but some working class could achieve a scholarship)
The two major events which affected education between 1918 and 1939.
The education act 1918 raised leaving age to 14, fees for elementary schools scrapped.
The 1922 geddes axe limited education act as meant continuation schools didn’t receive enough funding
Nursery schools only have 10% of potential students by 1938. Still almost 8% of 5-10 not in education. Which increases to over 25% of 11-14 and only 6.6% of 15-18 in education
What was the basis report propose and was it implemented
It proposed a tripartite system of grammar schools, technical schools and secondary moderns. Also wanted primary schools for those ages 5-11. It wasn’t implemented due to education not being a priority for the government
Crowther report 1957
Raising schools age to 16, creating city colleges; not treating in grammar students as inferior; inclux of new teachers
Implemented?;
Recognised that society had become less deferential and that there should be more opportunities for social mobility. It is not implemented however
Newsom report 1963
Examined education for the lower class price practical subjects for less able students; new teaching methods for struggling students. Sex education introduced
Crosland circular 1965
Pledge from Anthony Crosland education secretary to stop the separation of students from the 11-plus and introduce comprehensive schools. Also promised labours 1964 election manifesto
Affect?:
An idea from labours but they are unable to enforce it. The idea for full comprehensive education takes a hit after the conservatives win in 1970
Plowden report 1967
Recommends banning corporal punishment, replacement of “rote learning” with “child centred learning” children given more freedom than being lectured At
Affect?:
Education becomes less strict, more welcoming and friendlier. Some teachers saw it as An opportunity to introduce left wing politic ideas into education. Excellent in some areas, less so in others
The black papers 1969
They criticised the decline of the teachers authority in the classroom but didn’t propose returning to the old system
Affect?;
Not overly much- criticised “progressive” system without recommending any solutions
Education act 1976
Ending funding for direct grant schools (i.e. Grammar and secondary modern) to ensure they were replaced by comprehensives
Affect?;
Grammar schools mostly become private, fee Lahaina schools, halting low income students from attending
Yellow book 1976
Argued that school discipline had declined and that the curriculum had not related students for the workplace
Affect?:
Damning report the comprehensive system but did little to stop it rise mainly as labour were supportive of comprehensive education
Callaghans Ruskin speech 1976
Pm James Callaghan argued for teachers inspections and a national curriculum
William Tyndale schools 1970s
The schools removed all rules and allowed students to learn as they wished, including watching tv
Affect?:
After an investigation, teachers were accused of inserting Socialism rather than educating. Confirmed fears of some but only a minority
What’s the 11-plus test
An exam after 1944 which decided whether you’d attend grammar schools or not
