education Flashcards
booklet 1
how many pupils is educations delivered to across the UK
9 million pupils ages 5-18
how many schools is educations delivered across
24,000 schools
what is the total budget for schools in 2023-2024
£116 billion
what are the three aims in education
-cost efficency
-increasing educational standards
-metritocracy
why are educational policies needed
-standards are good and competitive
-prevent risk factors
-rise in unemployement
what are the four types of equality within education
- circumstances
2.access
3.participation
4.outcome
what did the education act of 1994 aim to do
improving education, equal society, meritocratic, effective workforce
what test would determine where 11 year olds would go to next
11+
what type of schools could they go to
grammar
secondary modern
technical
how many pupils would go to grammar schools
top 20%
how many pupils would go to the secondary modern schools
bottom 80%
why did technical schools die out quickly
provided a vocational education
what is the triparte system
students are allocated to schools depending on their percieved ability through the 11+
what are the critisms of the 11+
-unreliable
-culturally biased
-wasn’t mertiocratic
-no parity of esteem
according to the CSE how many students were wrongly allocated due to the 11+
10%
what is the parity of esteem
the mental health of students and the pressures if they failed the 11+
how many students failed the 11+
3/4 of students
what did the comprehensive system (1965) aim to do
overcome class divisions and make edcation more mertitocratic
how many grammar schools remained in 2012
163 grammar schools
what are the strengths of the comprehensive system
-development of the labour force
-high standards of education
-meritocratic
-no enterance exam
what are the critisms of the comprehensive system
-able students are held back
-children may become lost and overlooked in the system
-cannot stretch the most able students to their potential
-covert selection
-setting and streaming
what do functionalists say about the comprehensive system
they have useful social and educational goals, that promotes social solidairty to encourage a value consensus
what do marxists say about the comprehensive system
it cannot overcome wider inequalities outside of education, due to middle class having more economic and cultural capital.
what are the three key ways to consider admissions and selection
1.selective schooling
2.admission policies
3.covert selection
what are the agruments for selective schooling
it benefits ‘high flyers’ and they’re not held back
what are the arguments against selective schooling
less social diveristy
what did swift (2011) find about selective schooling
it has no benefit to the working class and it actually benefits the middle class
what criteria do over-subscribed school follow
-children in care
-LACS
-older siblings in the school
-specified faith
-catchment area living
what did brooks 2007 say about covert selection
students are cherry picked because of high ability
what did green et al 2014 say about covert selection
free schools cherry pick the brightest students
since the 1980s what two issues has influenced educational policy
neo-liberalism
globalisation
What are the miracle cures in education
-National literacy/numeracy strategy (1999-2010)
-slimming down of the curriculum (2010)
- raising academy requirements of teachers
-master teaching
What are the strengths of the 1980+ polices
Shows economic efficiency
Oates (2013) benchmarking standards
Weaknesses of the 1980+ polices
Unethical to compare to other countries
Problems beyond control of schools
Kelly (2009) education is seen as an economic-work based activity
Alexander (2012) comparing data could lead to pointless policies made
What does neo-liberalism say about education
It needs to take an economic approach and schools need to be privatised and marketised
What does the new right say about education
Not about equality
Marketisation and privatisation of schools
Failing schools should shut
Strengths of the new rights view
Schools decide how to spend money
what is endogenous privatisation
schools taking ideas and techniques from businesses outside the school
what are some examples of endogenous privatisation
performance related pay
league tables
per-capita funding
what is exogenous privatisation
privatisation from inside the school, schoos becoming like businesses
what are some examples of exogenous privatisation
school services
exam system
management
school inspection
arguments for privatisation
businesses are highly experienced and cost efficient
more parentocracy
encouraging to raise educational standards
agruments against privatisation
money is drained to go to private companies
bad schools becoming worse
covert selection
paramount
what are the main features of marketisation in education
indeoendence
competition
choice
what are the aims of marketisation
raising school standards
improve standards
outperform competiton
what are the potential problems with parentocracy
labeling of schools
won’t be able to tell the relaity of schools
less places avaliable in popular schools
what are the different types of schools
LEA maintained school
faith schools
academies
free schools
grammar
independent
what were the policies of the 1988 education act
league tables
national curriculum
formula funding
open enrollment
OFSTED
what were the aims of the 1988 New right government
privatisation
marketisation
parentocracy
what are the critisms of the 1988 education act
league tables distort teaching and learning
SATS harm mental health
Rich parents have more choice of schools
Cultural capital of middle class
polarisation
experience of school is negative
what are the main aims of the new labour gov in 1997-2010
raise educational standards
create a skilled labour force
greater quality of opportunity
improving experience of education
what were the 1997-2010 new labour education policies
curriculum reform
academies
sure start
every child matters
EMA’s
higher education expansion
education action zones and excellence in cities
other reforms under the new labour government
teaching of essential skills
personal learning
citizenship classes
a levels
specialist schools
student loans instroduced
advantages of the New labour educational polices
raised educational standards
improved failing schools
critisms of the New labour educational polices
attainent gap remained
middle class remained favoured by polices
did not consider deep social issues
reinforced social inequalities
polices of the 2010-2015 colaition efucation policy
forced academisation
free schools
increasing uni tuition fees
curriculum reform
what are the disadvantages of free schools under the coalition government
drain on other schools in the local area
benefitted from the middle class more
increased social class inequlities
what are the advantages of the higher education polices under the coalition government
introduced burasary schemes for lower income households
emphasis of the quality of student experience
what are the disadvantages of higher educational polices under the coalition government
divide between traditional Russell group universities and Polytechnic uniersities
what are the advantages of curriculum reform under the coalition government
pupil premium introduced
imrproved parity of esteem
learning ket skills and core subjects
what are the disadvantages of curriculum reform under the coalition government
lack of parity of esteem
narrowed curriculum and exams introduced
2015-2019 conservative educational polices
austerity and funding cuts
LEA conversion
increase of grammar schools
pupil premium
Ebacc
T levels
30h childcare free
according to Gorand and siddiqui 2018, what are the main claims in support of grammar schools
pupils get better results
poorer students do excpetionally well
no harmful effects
what are the critisms of the 30 hour free childcare according to the Sutton trust
80% of poorer households are unable to claim these free childcare hours due to the specific criteria needed
advantages of the 2015-2019 conservative educational policy
t levels improve diveristy and choice for students
disadvantages of the 2015-2019 conservative education policy
less meritocratic
low parity of esteem
policies of conservative government since 2020
lockdown
shutting schools
cancelling exams for 2 years
catch-up policies
increase in funding
tutoring programme
advantages of tory policies since 2020
teacher awarded grades saved two years of students
disadvantages of tory polcies since 2020
enormous harm to pupils
lower students missing out on learning
rapid inflation leaving schools with just enough funds to get by
polcies before 2020 were axed
