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my a-level classes year 12 > education > Flashcards

education Flashcards

booklet 1

1
Q

how many pupils is educations delivered to across the UK

A

9 million pupils ages 5-18

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2
Q

how many schools is educations delivered across

A

24,000 schools

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3
Q

what is the total budget for schools in 2023-2024

A

£116 billion

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4
Q

what are the three aims in education

A

-cost efficency
-increasing educational standards
-metritocracy

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5
Q

why are educational policies needed

A

-standards are good and competitive
-prevent risk factors
-rise in unemployement

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6
Q

what are the four types of equality within education

A
  1. circumstances
    2.access
    3.participation
    4.outcome
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7
Q

what did the education act of 1994 aim to do

A

improving education, equal society, meritocratic, effective workforce

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8
Q

what test would determine where 11 year olds would go to next

A

11+

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9
Q

what type of schools could they go to

A

grammar
secondary modern
technical

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10
Q

how many pupils would go to grammar schools

A

top 20%

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11
Q

how many pupils would go to the secondary modern schools

A

bottom 80%

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12
Q

why did technical schools die out quickly

A

provided a vocational education

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13
Q

what is the triparte system

A

students are allocated to schools depending on their percieved ability through the 11+

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14
Q

what are the critisms of the 11+

A

-unreliable
-culturally biased
-wasn’t mertiocratic
-no parity of esteem

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15
Q

according to the CSE how many students were wrongly allocated due to the 11+

A

10%

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16
Q

what is the parity of esteem

A

the mental health of students and the pressures if they failed the 11+

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17
Q

how many students failed the 11+

A

3/4 of students

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18
Q

what did the comprehensive system (1965) aim to do

A

overcome class divisions and make edcation more mertitocratic

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19
Q

how many grammar schools remained in 2012

A

163 grammar schools

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20
Q

what are the strengths of the comprehensive system

A

-development of the labour force
-high standards of education
-meritocratic
-no enterance exam

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21
Q

what are the critisms of the comprehensive system

A

-able students are held back
-children may become lost and overlooked in the system
-cannot stretch the most able students to their potential
-covert selection
-setting and streaming

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22
Q

what do functionalists say about the comprehensive system

A

they have useful social and educational goals, that promotes social solidairty to encourage a value consensus

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23
Q

what do marxists say about the comprehensive system

A

it cannot overcome wider inequalities outside of education, due to middle class having more economic and cultural capital.

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24
Q

what are the three key ways to consider admissions and selection

A

1.selective schooling
2.admission policies
3.covert selection

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25
Q

what are the agruments for selective schooling

A

it benefits ‘high flyers’ and they’re not held back

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26
Q

what are the arguments against selective schooling

A

less social diveristy

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27
Q

what did swift (2011) find about selective schooling

A

it has no benefit to the working class and it actually benefits the middle class

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28
Q

what criteria do over-subscribed school follow

A

-children in care
-LACS
-older siblings in the school
-specified faith
-catchment area living

29
Q

what did brooks 2007 say about covert selection

A

students are cherry picked because of high ability

30
Q

what did green et al 2014 say about covert selection

A

free schools cherry pick the brightest students

31
Q

since the 1980s what two issues has influenced educational policy

A

neo-liberalism
globalisation

32
Q

What are the miracle cures in education

A

-National literacy/numeracy strategy (1999-2010)
-slimming down of the curriculum (2010)
- raising academy requirements of teachers
-master teaching

33
Q

What are the strengths of the 1980+ polices

A

Shows economic efficiency
Oates (2013) benchmarking standards

34
Q

Weaknesses of the 1980+ polices

A

Unethical to compare to other countries
Problems beyond control of schools
Kelly (2009) education is seen as an economic-work based activity
Alexander (2012) comparing data could lead to pointless policies made

35
Q

What does neo-liberalism say about education

A

It needs to take an economic approach and schools need to be privatised and marketised

36
Q

What does the new right say about education

A

Not about equality
Marketisation and privatisation of schools
Failing schools should shut

37
Q

Strengths of the new rights view

A

Schools decide how to spend money

38
Q

what is endogenous privatisation

A

schools taking ideas and techniques from businesses outside the school

39
Q

what are some examples of endogenous privatisation

A

performance related pay
league tables
per-capita funding

40
Q

what is exogenous privatisation

A

privatisation from inside the school, schoos becoming like businesses

41
Q

what are some examples of exogenous privatisation

A

school services
exam system
management
school inspection

42
Q

arguments for privatisation

A

businesses are highly experienced and cost efficient
more parentocracy
encouraging to raise educational standards

43
Q

agruments against privatisation

A

money is drained to go to private companies
bad schools becoming worse
covert selection
paramount

44
Q

what are the main features of marketisation in education

A

indeoendence
competition
choice

45
Q

what are the aims of marketisation

A

raising school standards
improve standards
outperform competiton

46
Q

what are the potential problems with parentocracy

A

labeling of schools
won’t be able to tell the relaity of schools
less places avaliable in popular schools

47
Q

what are the different types of schools

A

LEA maintained school
faith schools
academies
free schools
grammar
independent

48
Q

what were the policies of the 1988 education act

A

league tables
national curriculum
formula funding
open enrollment
OFSTED

49
Q

what were the aims of the 1988 New right government

A

privatisation
marketisation
parentocracy

50
Q

what are the critisms of the 1988 education act

A

league tables distort teaching and learning
SATS harm mental health
Rich parents have more choice of schools
Cultural capital of middle class
polarisation
experience of school is negative

51
Q

what are the main aims of the new labour gov in 1997-2010

A

raise educational standards
create a skilled labour force
greater quality of opportunity
improving experience of education

52
Q

what were the 1997-2010 new labour education policies

A

curriculum reform
academies
sure start
every child matters
EMA’s
higher education expansion
education action zones and excellence in cities

53
Q

other reforms under the new labour government

A

teaching of essential skills
personal learning
citizenship classes
a levels
specialist schools
student loans instroduced

54
Q

advantages of the New labour educational polices

A

raised educational standards
improved failing schools

55
Q

critisms of the New labour educational polices

A

attainent gap remained
middle class remained favoured by polices
did not consider deep social issues
reinforced social inequalities

56
Q

polices of the 2010-2015 colaition efucation policy

A

forced academisation
free schools
increasing uni tuition fees
curriculum reform

57
Q

what are the disadvantages of free schools under the coalition government

A

drain on other schools in the local area
benefitted from the middle class more
increased social class inequlities

58
Q

what are the advantages of the higher education polices under the coalition government

A

introduced burasary schemes for lower income households
emphasis of the quality of student experience

59
Q

what are the disadvantages of higher educational polices under the coalition government

A

divide between traditional Russell group universities and Polytechnic uniersities

60
Q

what are the advantages of curriculum reform under the coalition government

A

pupil premium introduced
imrproved parity of esteem
learning ket skills and core subjects

61
Q

what are the disadvantages of curriculum reform under the coalition government

A

lack of parity of esteem
narrowed curriculum and exams introduced

62
Q

2015-2019 conservative educational polices

A

austerity and funding cuts
LEA conversion
increase of grammar schools
pupil premium
Ebacc
T levels
30h childcare free

63
Q

according to Gorand and siddiqui 2018, what are the main claims in support of grammar schools

A

pupils get better results
poorer students do excpetionally well
no harmful effects

64
Q

what are the critisms of the 30 hour free childcare according to the Sutton trust

A

80% of poorer households are unable to claim these free childcare hours due to the specific criteria needed

65
Q

advantages of the 2015-2019 conservative educational policy

A

t levels improve diveristy and choice for students

66
Q

disadvantages of the 2015-2019 conservative education policy

A

less meritocratic
low parity of esteem

67
Q

policies of conservative government since 2020

A

lockdown
shutting schools
cancelling exams for 2 years
catch-up policies
increase in funding
tutoring programme

68
Q

advantages of tory policies since 2020

A

teacher awarded grades saved two years of students

69
Q

disadvantages of tory polcies since 2020

A

enormous harm to pupils
lower students missing out on learning
rapid inflation leaving schools with just enough funds to get by
polcies before 2020 were axed

my a-level classes year 12 (17 decks)

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