ECONOMY AND SOCIETY: State Farms And Mechanisation Flashcards
What were sovkhozes?
State farms
State farms seen by communist parties as the ‘ideal’ form of farming
What were labourers classified as under State Farm?
Workers rather than peasants
How were labourers paid under the State Farm?
A wage directly by the state
What was the movement like for labourers under State Farm?
Just as restricted as those of the kolkhoz peasants
Were the sovkhozes larger or smaller than the kolkhozes?
Larger usually
How were sovkhozes created?
On land confiscated from former large estates
How were the sovkhoz workers recruited?
From landless rural residents
How were the sovkhoz farms organised?
According to industrial principles for specialised large scale production
Why was Stalin forced to permit most farms to be of the kolkhoz type in the 1930s?
There was peasant opposition to becoming wage labourers
However the official expectation was that all kolkhozes would be turned into sovkhozes in the longer term
What reduced the number of peasants needed on the land?
The use of tractors and agricultural machinery
When were machine tractor stations set up?
From 1931
What did machine tractor stations provide?
Seed and hire out tractors and machinery to collective and state farms
How math machine tractor stations were set up?
2500
What machinery did the state farms receive?
Combine harvesters, chemical fertilisers
Who was sent to the countryside to advise on how to use machinery and improve farming methods?
Veterinary surgeons
Agronomists
Technicians
Surveyors
