ECONOMY AND SOCIETY: Impact Of Collectivisation Flashcards
What was the response to collectivisation?
Widespread and violent opposition amounting to civil war in the countryside
Did peasants join collectives voluntarily?
Some poor peasants did
Most didn’t
What did peasants do out of fear they’d be labelled kulaks?
Burned their farms and crops
Killed their livestock
How did the armed forces deal with the unrest?
Sometimes burned down whole villages
What happened to peasants who resisted the armed forces?
Classified as a kulak and a class enemy Millions of peasants deported to remote areas where they were herded into labour camps
What did dekulakisation remove?
Some of the most successful and skilled farmers from the countryside
How many peasants died as a result of resistance/the effects of deportation?
Over 10million
By 1939 how many peasants had migrated to towns?
19 million
What did the peasants who joined collectives regard their condition as?
A new serfdom
What was the punishment for attempting to sell meat or grain before quotas were filled?
10 year sentences
What was introduced to prevent peasants fleeing from famine stricken areas?
Internal passport controls
Did the peasants earn a profit under collectivisation?
No- the quotas were so high that there rarely was any profit and therefore little incentive to work hard
Since food was desperately needed, what process did the government allow to continue?
Peasants selling animals and vegetables in the market place
70% of meat produced this way by the late 1930s
Why did famine appear in 1932 in Ukraine?
Drought hit many agricultural areas in 1931
Kulak deportations
What is the famine of 1932-1934 considered to be?
One of the worst famines in Russian history
