ECONOMY AND SOCIETY: Stage One Collectivisation

Question 1

Why did Stalin introduce collectivisation?

Answer 1

Peasants could move to towns to work in the new industrial factories
Replaced not fully communist NEP
eliminated kulaks
Increased food production because of machinery on the farms
Each collective farm had a communist farm manager= communist party control over peasants

Question 2

What was the policy of collectivisation a result of?

Answer 2

Stalin’s great turn of 1928

Question 3

What had the emphasis initially been on for collectivisation?

Answer 3

Voluntary collectivisation- persuading peasants of the benefits of working communally through posters, leaflets and films

Question 4

What was the Ural Siberian method of grain requisitioning?

Answer 4

Forcible seizure of grain and the closing down of private markets
Brought unrest in rural areas

Question 5

By 1929 how many farms had been collectivised?

Answer 5

Less than 5% of all farms

Question 6

Why did Stalin announce in December 1929 that he would ‘annihilate the kulaks as a class’?

Answer 6

Stalin believes some of the grain procurement problems had been caused by the richer kulaks holding back supplies

Question 7

When was stage one of collectivisation?

Answer 7

1929-1930

Question 8

How did the government begin the stage one collectivisation campaign?

Answer 8

Issued new procurement quotas with punishments for peasants who didn’t keep up with deliveries

Question 9

How did stage one of collectivisation treat the kulaks?

Answer 9

Propaganda campaign waged against them to create a rift between poor and better off farmers
Red A and OGPU identified, deported or executed kulaks (4% of peasant households)

Question 10

When did the government begin a programme of forced collectivisation?

Answer 10

By the end of 1929

Question 11

Who drew the peasants into collectives in stage one collectivisation?

Answer 11

Local party members with support of the OGPU and Red Army where necessary

Question 12

Were kulaks permitted to join collectives in stage one collectivisation?

Answer 12

No- they must be ‘liquidated as a class’

Question 13

(Stage one collectivisation). It wasn’t easy to distinguish between peasant types. What effect did this have?

Answer 13

15% of peasant households were destroyed

150000 peasants forced to migrate north and east to poorer land

Question 14

How did peasants try to a avoid being labelled kulaks?

Answer 14

Killing livestock 
Destroying crops (this only added to rural problems)

Question 15

What did Stalin announce in January 1930 about collectivisation?

Answer 15

25% of grain farming areas were to be collectivised that year

Question 16

How were poorer peasants frightened into joining the collectives?

Answer 16

By the brutal treatment meted out to kulaks

By March 1930 58% of peasant households had been collectivised through propaganda and force

Question 17

In 1930 Peasant households were speedily collectivised. What did Stalin have to say about this?

Answer 17

Local officials were being too rigorous and confrontational in their methods
Party members were becoming ‘dizzy with success’

Question 18

What was the result of local officials’ actions regarding forcing collectivisation?

Answer 18

brief return to voluntary collectivisation was permitted until after the harvest had been collected that year
Peasants allowed to leave collectives and had their livestock returned provided they weren’t kulaks

Question 19

What was the result of the return to voluntary collectivisation?

Answer 19

In October 1930 only 20% of households were still collectivised