economic world Flashcards
what is Gross National Income? (GNI)
total of goods, services and overseas investments divided by total population
what is Human Development Index? (HDI)
combines GNI, life expectancy, literacy rate to give an index figure
what is infant mortality?
average number of deaths under 1 year per 1000 births
what is birth rate?
number of births in a year per 1000
what is death rate?
number of deaths in a year per 1000
what is people per doctor?
number of doctors per year per 1000
what is literacy rate?
percentage of people with basic reading and writing skills
what is development gap?
difference in standards of living between HICs and LICs
what is globalisation?
movement of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide
what is a Transnational Corporation? (TNC)
a company that has operations (factories) in more than one country
3 strategies used to help close the development gap
- intermediate technology
- debt relief
- micro-finance loans
what is debt relief?
debt owned by poorest countries is “cancelled” by World Bank
what is intermediate technology?
sustainable technology that involves small scale projects
what are micro-finance loans?
small scale loans given to families to set up small businesses
how can intermediate technology be used to help close the development gap?
wells dug for villages, allows to obtain clean water
how can debt relief be used to help close the development gap?
money spent on interest could now be spent on infrastructure projects (roads) to develop countries
how can micro-finance loans be used to help close the development gap?
help poorest people set up a business
what are 2 advantages of Shell?
- employment for 65,000 workers
- skills learnt by Nigerian workers for Shell, able to set up companies
what are 2 disadvantages of Shell?
- oil spills destroy livelihoods of local farmers and fishermen
- flares release toxic fumes into air
what is deindustrialization?
decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials
what is the North-South divide?
economic and cultural difference between Southern and Northern England
name one example of The North-South divide
South Cambridgeshire and Outer Hebrides
what is the population like in South Cambridgeshire?
- 150,000
- increasing due to migration
what is the population like in Outer Hebrides?
- declined by 50%
- due to young people leaving
what are 2 social effects of South Cambridgeshire?
- traffic congestion
- young people can’t afford expensive housing
what are 2 social effects of Outer Hebrides?
- increasing ageing population
- schools shutting down due to falling birth rate
what are 2 economic effects of South Cambridgeshire?
- lack of affordable housing
- increased population puts pressure on schools
what are 2 economic effects of Outer Hebrides?
- farming is unprofitable
- infrastructure can’t support increased tourism
