Economic Activity and Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Economic activity

A

the different types of jobs people do in order to make money within all levels of society

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2
Q

Economy sectors

A

Primary - extracting natural resources e.g. mining
Secondary - processing things such as food/minerals e.g. manufacturing
Tertiary - providing services e.g. entertainment
Quaternary - concerned with ICT and research and development

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3
Q

Subsistence farming

A

growing crops or raising livestock for personal consumption, without surplus for trade

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4
Q

Footloose industry

A

industry that can be located anywhere without needing to consider factors of production such as resources, land or labour

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5
Q

Optimum population

A

when the number of people working with all available resources produces the highest per capita economic return

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6
Q

Overpopulation

A

when there are too many people to maintain an adequate standard of living and exceeds the carrying capacity of the Earth

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7
Q

Underpopulation

A

when there are far more resources in an area e.g. food, energy, minerals that can be used by the number of people living there

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8
Q

Energy gap

A

The difference between a country’s rising demand for energy and its ability to produce energy from its own sources

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9
Q

Energy security

A

access to reliable and affordable sources of energy

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10
Q

Carbon footprint

A

the total amount of greenhouse gases produced as a result of human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tonnes of CO2

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11
Q

Ecological footprint

A

measures the demand on the supply of nature through the amount of natural resources used to support a person’s lifestyle

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12
Q

Malthus’s theory

A

Human population grows at an exponential rate if left unchecked. Food supply only increases at an arithmetic rate, so there will be a point of crisis where rise in population exceeds increases in food supply. An increase in population beyond this point will lead to war, famine and disease

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13
Q

Boserup’s theory

A

Food production can, and will, increase to match the population’s needs - the threat of starvation motivates people to improve their farming methods. People have the knowledge and tech to increase food supplies and overpopulation leads to innovation and higher productivity in use of land and labour.

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14
Q

Factors affecting location of economic sectors

A
  • space/cheap land
  • labour/employees
  • access to market/customers via good transport links
  • power supply
  • raw materials
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15
Q

How raw materials affect employment sectors

A
  • affects primary sector (people can no longer farm for resources if they are used up)
  • increased mechanisation causes reduction in number of agricultural workers
  • raw materials cheaper to be imported
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16
Q

How new technology affects employment sectors

A
  • mechanisation has reduced demand for labour
  • technological advances have created new industries for the quaternary sector e.g. aerospace, biotech, robotics
  • creates new products/services e.g smartphone (tertiary sector)
17
Q

How globalisation affects employment sectors

A
  • enabled companies to move manufacturing base to other cheaper locations (decrease in secondary sector)
18
Q

How government policies affect employment sectors

A
  • UK policies support agriculture and encourage services to compensate for loss of jobs in manufacturing due to deindustrialisation
  • China has made concentrated effort to expand secondary sector and produce manufacture goods for global market
19
Q

How demographic changes affect employment sectors

A
  • population growth raises demand for a range of goods and services
  • changing of people’s preferences boost tertiary sector - e.g. HIC populations prefer shopping at superstores/retail parks than local shops
  • young people with more disposable income to spend on entertainment, socialising and beautification
20
Q

Informal employment

A

Any employment that is unregulated and unofficial

21
Q

Raw materials

A

Natural resources which are unprocessed/unrefined

22
Q

Employment structure

A

The division of the workforce into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

23
Q

Deindustrialisation

A

the reduction of industrial activity/manufacturing within an economy