Ecology test Flashcards
R vs K growth, Biogeochemical cycles (N,C,P) Invasive Species Sustainability
what type of growth is exponential grouwth (describe graph)
Has a lag phase but then goes up increasingly fast (no carrying capacity phase)
when would you say r-
to describe the animal or thing that you are graphing
how to graph both growths
of indivulaes on the left side - time at the bottom
what are the characteritisics/signs of exponential growth
- usual small
- lots of offspring (babies)
- short life span
examples of exponenrtial growth animals
-insects (spiders)
-weeds(dandenlions)
-salmon(lay 100s of eggs)
What growth are turtles
Exponential
- they are big but they have a bunch of babies and most of them don’t even make it to the water bf being killed
2 Example of exponential growth
- in the spring there are 100 bunnies -> late spring there are 1,000 bunnies after they mated and gave birth – lag phase = is in the winter - exponential phase = late spring after mating and birth
- 2 geese have 5 babies each of those 5 babies have there own five babes - 2, 7, 32 ect.
lag phase
slow growth (beggining of graph)
exponential phase
increasing increasingly - faster rate - not conastants ( increases more every time
what type of a graph is Logistic Growth
Lag phase -> exp phase -> carrying capacity ( lagging, spikes up, then it becomes steady. ex 2 ,4 -> 50, 108 -> 105, 107
K-growth
carrying capacity
Depending if you have … affects if you have a low of a high cc
- food
-space
-higher temp
hunting, fishing
Highest carrying capacity in the world
Coral reefs + rainforest
signs/ charactertisics of logistic growth
-big
-few off springs
-longer life spans
the moms normally stay by their kids like polar bears and thats why they don’t have a lot of babies + thats why they live longer
can somethign fit in both graphs?
no everything fits one graph
examples of k-growth species
polar bears, elephant, giraffe, pine tree, maple trees
exmplantion of a logistic growth situation
a few deers -> they start to mate and go into the expontiaonl phase -> then people start hunting them which is the carrying capacity
how do invasive species flourish/not die
-lack of predators
- no co-evouluation (ex. nothing evolves to be immune to the venom or like the taste ex)
-weather conditions are perfect (condionts like where it normaly lives)
where do most evasive species normally live
tropical areas
peral pigs ex
from eurpoe bad cuz they alter the water. Its ok that eurpoe has them bc they have predaorts and they have been their for millions of years (eurpe adapted)
Birmuse Pyathon ex. with growth
from asai, were in a breeding facilaty but got knocked out during hurricane. The lag phase was them growin slowly and starting to mate - they then got huge and multipled like crazy (exp. phase) and no cc bc there wasnt
- no preadorts
2.no co evultiaon - floraida temp js like asai (tropical)
examples of some invasive species
red savage crayfish
lion fish
birmuse pyathon
japense knotweed
sustainablity
less of an impact on the enviorment - things taht are sustainable have a net 0 impact ( not postivie or negative)
ex of sustainablity
- composting, water bottle,
- cut down tree -> make pencilas -> plant more trees -> cut down trees -> make pencils -> plant trees
- woodys pond water -> into sprinklers - water into pond -> then water into sprinklers
what are net postives and net negatives
+ = garden , saving money in bank accent
- = most of what humans do/ cruise drive, pollution , make pencils but don’t put in new ones
habitat
were you go home, sleep eat dinner(live) this can be your (state , home, street adress or country)
niche
the job you have to do at current part in life
ex.
student, note tracker, learning , althlete
niches do’s and don’ts
– Two animals in dif habitats can do the same thing
- if you do the same job + in the same habitat one of you has to die or go extinct
- you can live in same place+ do same job if you do jobs at dif times (night/day eagle - sun. owl - night
Predation
it KILLS and EATS you - if it already dead + u eat it your not a predadator
ex. lion, cheetah, shark
Parasistismi
hurt enough thats it bad but they can still come back. (I need you even tho I hurt you but you don’t need me)
ex. misquto + humans, lice + humans, leech + fish
+ - = experience
Mutualism
I need you + you need me. SEPARATE THE TWO BOTH DIE
+ + = expirence
ex. bees + flowers, bacteria in our gut - they leave wen and them die
commensalsim
one is benefited the other is nothelped or harmed.
ex. barnacles on whales, cattle egrets on cows eating the food reminets
what is the 10 percent rule
90% of calorases leaves body 10% stays
ex. Plant 100% 90 cal -> Grasshoppwer 10% 9 cal - > Mouse 1% .9 cal -> Snake .1% .09 cal
what makes you lose so much calorasies
-normal actictivy (thinking, talking, walking)
-workout
-waste(poop + pee)
-heat loss
niche partitioning ex
cheethas lion
- speed. -in pride
shape dif
eats baby gazlee. - hunt water buffaloujtu
Bio geo chemical meaning
Life, rocks, chemical (in air or water)
example of the carbon cycle
- carbon in my body - gets on twoel- towel on rack- it gets clean - down drain - into rocks - and i go outside and breath/exhale (photosynethesis is how plants/rocks get carbon?)
why is there pollution with carbon
humans r putting more carbon in hte air faster than the plants can take it in photosynethesis
what is nitrogen
it is protein
what cycle is mising one of the bio geo chemical elemnts
Phosphorus doesn’t have a chemical aspect (air/water)
examples of nitrogen
- eat a burger- from the cow -cow eats grass - grass has protein - grass got it by bacteria in its roots - bacteria got nitrogen from air
what has a lot of phosphorus + ex
DNA, - eating salmon - puts cells that ahve there DNA into ours
what does level of phosophorsu depend on
how much it has been processed.
What happens to the 10% of the cal that stay in you?
it goes into your growth, weighing more, hair grwoth, making new cells, making new skin cells, some goes to muscles but then you exertge that
decomposers + ex
eats decaying material (chemically)
ex. fungi + bacteria
scavengers + ex
eats bigger meals and finds something that is already dead (big things)
ex. vulture + racoons
