DNA

Question 1

Griffith 4 experiments he did on mice

Answer 1

1. (control) took mouse A and injected it with a disease causing bacteria -> the mouse died
   - mouseB got the non disease causing bacteria + it lived

ex. two rooms of crazy cats one room the cats don’t have claws in the other room they do
2. heated up the bad bacteria(boiled it to a kill) -> put it into mouse and the mouse lived
- showing that killing the bad organsims
ex. vaccines
pasturing milk
3. dead bacteria + good bacteria = mouse died
- the good bacteria turned bad because of the bad bacteria

Question 2

Griftths findings overall

Answer 2

The living good (non-diease) causing bacteria picked up the bad(diease causing) dna + good bacteria -> turned bad * called it TRANSFORMING PARTICLES

Question 3

Chargaff

Answer 3

C=G (cars = garages) A=T (apples = tree)
- found the chemicals in dna + quantived those chemicles
- also discovered that phosphors + sugar + nitrogen base (everysingle one had that)

Question 4

Franklin (lady)

Answer 4

discorved that it is a double helix structure

Question 5

Watson + Crick

Answer 5

the ones that DISCOVERED DNA
using everyones past info to put it together
- 4 rules of DNA
1. all DNA has a sugar phosphate backbone that alternates (sugar, P, sugar, P)
- has to start and end of dif things
2. A only binds to T
- they pair up
3. C binds to G
4. DNA is antiparrel

Question 6

what do hydrogen bonds do

Answer 6

they connect A=T and C=G

Question 7

antiparrel

Answer 7

-same pattern but ging in opposite directions for the top+bottom
-top line starts with P/S and the bottom line ends with what the top started * look at drawing in notes

Question 8

nucloeotide

Answer 8

base + sugar + phophorus
rule is that what ever you start with you can’t end with it

Question 9

how to if it is the 3 or 5

Answer 9

5 has a phophours next to it - 3 doesn’t

Question 10

how to know the dif numbers for carbon

Answer 10

find 5 then count down
#5 is connected to P
#4 in the middle of 5+3
#3 is empty (no P)
#1 is always connected to the base (ex. C,G,A,T)

Question 11

4 steps for DNA replication (the steps happen at the sametime)

Answer 11

1. DNA helicase
   - enzyme that works on the DNA helix
   - it unzips the dna by breaking the hydrogen bonds that are very breakable
2. RNA primase
   - an enzyme that adds RNA primer
   - it makes the DNA stay stuck
   ex. makeup primer = keeps your makeup stuck
   ex. RNA primase = keeps the DNA replication stuck
3. DNA plymerase
   - enzyme that adds DNA polymer
   - building new DNA off of an old DNA
   - in this process there is a leading
   - reads from 3’ - 5’
   strand + lagging strand
4. DNA ligase
   - fixes all the holes in the DNA
   ex. when the RNA primase falls off it fixes it
   ex. its like the people that fix potholes they don’t tear out the road + make a new one they just repair the minor holes

Question 12

leading strand vs. lagging strand

Answer 12

leading strand = going rly fast - helicase is leading the way for the polymearse to follow

lagging strand = being built slower because it has to wait for the RNA primase
- only can build small chunks at a time