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science 1 > nat selection + artifical selection > Flashcards

nat selection + artifical selection Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how are evoultion + nat selection related

A

evolution is a natural byproduct of natural selection
ex. humans come from monkeys?

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2
Q

what does it mean if two things are alike + theirs evidence

A

it means they share a common ansesctor
ex. monkeys + humans
-evidence
aposable thumbs, dna above 99%, ear shape

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3
Q

who created the theory of natural selection

A

Darwin (theory of natural selection)

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4
Q

artifcial selection + ex

A

its humans picking the best traits
ex
-dogs(why we have a mix of two dif breeds to combine the best traits of two dogs to create a great dog)
-pigs
-oyster
-salmon

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5
Q

explain the anle video

A

they put lizards with long legs that ar meant to be on thick on an island filled with branches. Come back a year later and the legs had gotten shorter proving natural selection

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6
Q

what 8-9 things prove evolution

A
  1. fossil record
  2. ancestor traits
  3. derived traits
  4. homologous structures
  5. analogous structure
  6. Vestigial structures
  7. embryos
  8. Comparitive biochemistry
  9. Geographic distrubition
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7
Q

how did things evolve

A

through nat selection

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8
Q

explain fossil record

A

= things in rock look excatly like living organsims
ex. fish
ex. amonite
ex. archaeoptrphx

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9
Q

explain ancestor traits

A

-traits inherited from common ancestor?
ex. jaws
ex. brown eyes
ex. backbones (we didn;t come up with it)

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10
Q

dervived traits

A

-mutation in most recent ancestor?
ex. blue eyes
ex. first mamal to have hair
ex. birds feathers through nat selection

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11
Q

homologus structures

A

same structure = same ancestor
ex. dog + human
ex. human + monkey

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12
Q

analogous structure

A

similar structure different ancestor
ex. bee vs. egale
ex. horse vs. humans
ex. spiders vs. humans

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13
Q

vestigal structure

A

don’t need it anymore so through evoultion we have gotten rid of it or it has gotten smaller
ex. appendex
-wisdom teeth
-tonsolgues
-no tail bone
-whales used to have legs but with no legs they are faster
-horses lost four fingers because its faster to run on just one finger

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14
Q

embryos

A

similiar embroys = smiliar ancestory
ex. chicken embryo look the same as human embryo’s

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15
Q

comparative biochemistry

A

same biochemical = same ancestor
ex. cows + human milk looks alike
ex. rihno horn + our fingernail
ex. feathers + feathers

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16
Q

geographic distribution

A

same animal + look dif bc natural selction is working on them differntly
ex. european wolf vs. asian wolf

17
Q

use the 4 princples of natural selection on the black + white mice video

A
  1. variations -> different colors of mice in the population
  2. variations inherited -> the black mice inherited the gene from their parents
  3. some will die -> the white mice died
  4. offspring -> the black mice lived longer and found food easier so their varation was more likely to be passed down
18
Q

what are the two possible outcomes with a mutation

A
  • the mutation will not be helpful + it will die out
  • or the varation will be good + the natural selection proccess occurs
19
Q

bugs that camoflaouge

A
  • stick bug
20
Q

fitness in animal kingdom

A
  • how much food can i find
  • am I not being eaten + how man
    -babies can i make (how good am I at staying alive)
21
Q

ex of things mimicing each other

A

kingsnake mimics Coral snakes
- vicerory butterfly mimics monarch butterfly
- alligator snapping turtle (camouflages + mimics worm with tongue

22
Q

what comes first mutation or the pressure?

A

the mutation because if the pressure comes first and you already don’t have something to fight it then you will die ( mutation comes first)

23
Q

if you live in kenya do you want to be normal, carrier or having sickle cell?

A

carrier bc protected against malaria
(normal = high risk of getting malaria)
(sickle cell = born w/ deadly disease)

24
Q

if you live in Colorado do you want to be normal, carrier or having sickle cell?

A

normal because there isn’t a risk of malaria here
(carrier no benfits bc protection against malaria is unesscary and 50% chance you kids are born with it)
(sickle cell = born w/ deadly disease)

25
Q

use nat selection princples to explain sickle cell vid

A
  1. different genticts in population?(variations)
  2. you get those variations from parents (inherited)
  3. some of the people will die from sickle cell or malaria
  4. the carrier genticts will get passed on because it allows you to live longer bc it protects you against malaria
26
Q

use the 4 princples of natural with anle video

A
  1. varitions in leg sizes
  2. those variations are inherited
  3. if you are anable to adapt or you can’t climb branches to find food ect. you will die
  4. the easier it is to find food and the better your varaition of leg sizes lets you live more likely of getting passed on (offspring
27
Q

explain dulaps

A

it is how the lizards mate and reconize each other (people from same island/groupd have same dulap color

28
Q

how do the 4 types of natural selection relate to the princples

A

you use the principles to explain a type of natural selection

29
Q

types of natural selection

A
  • sexually selection
  • stabilizing selection
  • directional selection
  • disruptive selection
30
Q

sexually selection

A
  • males do something or looks different than females
    ex. peacocks have feathers to attract penhen who pick the best
  • also put mating above the risk of being eaten(peacocks are loud and bright so risking their life to seem like the best)
  • they good feathers show the female that they are good at finding food+ staying alive + no paraisties
    ex. peacock

NOT ALL ANIMALS USE THIS
ex. clownfish
ex. king cobra
ex. squriell

31
Q

stablizing selection

A

it is best to be in the middle of graph(average
ex. sickle cell (carrier is the best)
ex. baby weight not weighing too much or too little jsut average

DRAW + LABEL GRAPH

32
Q

directional selection

A
  • population mostly changes entirely
    ex. mice video(all mice black
    ex. height changed throughout human histroy we are taller than ancestors
    ex. lizards changed leg length

DRAW + LABEL GRAPH

33
Q

disruptive selection

A
  • middle trait is the worst
  • the two outsides are the best
    ex. cuttlefish video
    small -> mimic female to mate
    medium -> gets eaten by big ones
    big -> don’t get eaten cuz they the biggest
34
Q

what things to cladograms tell you

A
  • the common ancestor
  • the distance of how close they are related
    -traits
35
Q

what does it mean if a species has more traits or less traits

A

more traits = newer
less traits = older
(check answer)

36
Q

explain the 4 types of natural selection with the princples

A
  1. sexually selection
    the males try to attract the females
    - variations
37
Q

natural selection

A
  1. variations in population
  2. variations are inherited
  3. some will die
  4. something will increase their chance for offspring

science 1 (4 decks)

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