Ecology- habitat and way of life

Question 1

Ecosystem

Answer 1

encompasses all biota and abiota

Question 2

biota

Answer 2

all living organisms

Question 3

abiota

Answer 3

chemical properties & physical properties

Question 4

ecology

Answer 4

study of the relationship between organisms and their environment

Question 5

abiotic factors: chemical factors

Answer 5

1. nutrients

2. salt content (amount)

Question 6

abiotic factors: physical factors

Answer 6

1. pressure
2. depth
3. current
4. waves
5. light
6. sediment
7. tide

Question 7

abiotic factors have an influence on organisms how?

Answer 7

1. activity
2. reproduction
3. distribution

Question 8

osmosis

Answer 8

diffusion of h2O through a semi-permeable membrane (in order to reach homeostasis)

Question 9

hypertonic solution

Answer 9

when there is a higher concentration, so water leaves the cell

Question 10

hypotonic solution

Answer 10

when there is a lower concentration, so water enters the cell

Question 11

marine fish salt content compared to their environment

Answer 11

less salt than their environment

Question 12

fresh water fish salt content compared to their environment

Answer 12

saltier than their environment

Question 13

how do marine fish counteract the osmotic diffusion of water out of their cells?

Answer 13

1. body fluids are less salty than water
2. osmotic water loss
3. drinks sea water
4. salt excretion by gills
5. low urine production by the kidneys

Question 14

how do fresh water fish counteract the osmotic diffusion of water out of their cells?

Answer 14

1. not drinking water
2. urinate frequently
3. absorbs salt ions through chloride cells in the gills
4. bodily fluids more salty than water
5. osmotic water gain

Question 15

effect of light on PP: photic zone

Answer 15

enough light for photosynthesis

Question 16

effect of light on PP: schemerzone (mesopalegic zone)

Answer 16

little light, no photosynthesis

Question 17

effect of light on PP: aphotic zone

Answer 17

no light

Question 18

habitat

Answer 18

place within an ecosystem where an organism or a community of organisms lives, including all living and nonliving factors or conditions of the surrounding environment.

Question 19

benthic zone

Answer 19

sea floor

Question 20

pelagic zone

Answer 20

the water column

Question 21

Pelagic province is made up of which 5 zones?

Answer 21

1. epipelagic
2. mesopelagic
3. bathypelagic
4. abyssalpelagic
5. hadalpelagic

Question 22

Depth of the epipelagic zone

Answer 22

0-200m

Question 23

Depth of the mesopelagic zone

Answer 23

200-1000m

Question 24

Depth of the bathypelagic zone

Answer 24

1000-2000m

Question 25

Depth of the abyssalpelagic zone

Answer 25

2000-6000m

Question 26

Depth of the hadalpelagic zone

Answer 26

>6000m

Question 27

Benthic province is made up of which 5 zones?

Answer 27

1. Littoral 2. Sublittoral 3. Bathyal 4. Abyssal 5. Hadal

Question 28

Depth of the littoral zone

Answer 28

intertidal

Question 29

Depth of the sublittoral zone

Answer 29

0-200m

Question 30

Depth of the bathyal zone

Answer 30

200-2000m

Question 31

Depth of the abyssal zone

Answer 31

2000-6000m

Question 32

Depth of the hadal zone

Answer 32

>6000m

Question 33

Taxonomy

Answer 33

distribution of organisms in groups (taxa) on the basis of relationships

Question 34

Carolus Linneaus

Answer 34

binominal classification. Each species has a two part species name. The first part is the genus/genera (geslacht) and the second part is the species designation (soortsaanduiding-->epitheton). Together they create the scientific names of species which is in Latin

Question 35

classification of species on the basis of lifestyle

Answer 35

1. plankton 2. nekton 3. benthos

Question 36

plankton

Answer 36

cannot swim against the current but may move within the current. Contains the groups diatoms and dinoflagellates, as well as many more groups.

Question 37

fytoplankton

Answer 37

use photosynthesis as the most important energy source

Question 38

zooplankton

Answer 38

uses other organisms as the most important energy source. Includes copepoda and forminifera as well as many other groups.

Question 39

diatoms

Answer 39

single-celled algae with a cell wall of silica. Many kinds are planktonic. The silica frustrule that surrounds the diatom cells consists of an epitheca (a lid of sorts) and a hypotheca (a box of sorts)

Question 40

dinofllagelates

Answer 40

single-celled algae with two flagella that occur in large numbers in marine plankton and some in freshwater. They can often produce toxin that may accumulate in shellfish, causing poisonings in humans when eaten.

Question 41

copepoda

Answer 41

a type of zooplankton. They are small crustaceans in which some are planktonic and some are benthic. They may feed on diatoms

Question 42

forminifera

Answer 42

a type of zooplankton. They are single-celled organism that create a porous shell out of calcium carbonate.

Question 43

Nekton

Answer 43

swim themselves and are not dependent on currents. There are some limits and strategies.

Question 44

Types of Nekton

Answer 44

1. fish 2. mammals 3. mollusks 4. reptiles 5. birds

Question 45

epifauna

Answer 45

lives on the bottom

Question 46

infauna

Answer 46

lives in the bottom

Question 47

pelagic

Answer 47

lives in the water column

Question 48

demersaal

Answer 48

lives on/in or just above the bottom