Ecology and Adaptations Flashcards

1
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

Physical conditions that affect the distrubution of an organism

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2
Q

What are some examples of abiotic factors

A
  • temp.
  • light intensity
  • Oxygen levels (marine) and CO2 levels (plants)
  • soil pH and mineral content (plants)
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3
Q

What are biotic factors

A

factors caused by living organisms affecting other populations in their ecosystems

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4
Q

Examples of biotic factors

A
  • food availability
  • new pathogens and predators
  • competition between species
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5
Q

What are the 3 different types of adaptations

A

behavioural, structural (parts of the body) and functional (how the body operates)

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6
Q

Examples of behavioural adaptations in hot temp.

A
  • most active during cold morning and move to shade

- stay in burrows

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7
Q

examples of behavioural adpatations in cold temp.

A
  • hibernate over winter, metabolic rate lowered

- migrate to warmer countries with more food

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8
Q

What are functional and structural adaptations in hot temp.

A
  • keep insulating fat to a minimum
  • don’t sweat
  • have large surface: volume ratio to maximise heat loss e.g. large ears
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9
Q

What are functional and structural adaptations in cold temp.

A
  • thick fur and blubber

- small surface are: volume ratio

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10
Q

How do plants adapt to hot climates

A
  • reducing surface area: volume ratio
  • store water in their tissues
  • having extensive root systems (wide or deep)
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11
Q

How do plants adapt to cold climates

A
  • growing close to ground (avoid wind damage)

- having small leaves

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12
Q

What are extremophiles

A

organisms that can survive in very extreme conditions such as;

  • extreme temp.
  • high salt conc. water
  • high pressures
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