Bioenergetics + Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

endothermic reaction where energy is transferred to the chloroplasts via light

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2
Q

What is the euqation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water – (light energy) —> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

What diffuses through the stomata

A

CO2 diffuses into the plant thru the stomata and oxygen diffuses out

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4
Q

How does water enter the root hair cells

A

by osmosis

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5
Q

What do vascular bundles do

A

veins that support the leaf and transport water

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6
Q

What is the upper surface of the leaf protected by

A

waxy cuticle to stop water loss

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7
Q

Why is the upper epidermis thin

A

to allow light to pass through

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8
Q

What does the palisade mesophyll perform

A

photosynthesis

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the spongy mesophyll

A

air space for gas diffusion

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10
Q

What does the lower epidermis have

A

stomata to allow gases to diffuse

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11
Q

What does the leaf cross section look like

A

study diagram in nots

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12
Q

Define a limiting factor

A

something that prevents the rate of PS increase further

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13
Q

Examples of limiting factors

A
  • Temperature is LOW
  • Shortage of CO2
  • LOW light intensity
  • Shortage of chlorophyll
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14
Q

Define Respiration

A

exothermic process used by all organisms to release energy

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15
Q

Define Anaerobic respiration

A

respiration without oxygen:

Glucose –> lactic acid

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16
Q

Define aerobic respiration

A

respiration involving oxygen:
Glucose + oxygen ->carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6CO2 –> 6CO2 +6H2O (energy released)

17
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

fermentation and has the different chemical equation of:

Glucose –> ethanol + CO2 (much LESS energy)

18
Q

What are the cells that make up the xylem

A

Vessels that lose their end walls to form a continuous, hollow tube. become strengthed by lignin but no longer alive

19
Q

What is transport of substances in the phloem

A

transport in the phloem goes both up and down the stem called translocation

20
Q

What does the phloem contain

A

sieve tubes and companion cells

21
Q

Define sieve tubes

A

specialised for transport and have no nuclei. They each have a perforated end, so its cytoplasm connects one cell to the next

22
Q

Define companion cells

A

transport of substances in the phloem requires energy. One or more companion cells attached to each sieve rube to provide energy

23
Q

Define transpiration

A

when the stomata open to let in CO2, water on the surface of the cells of the spongy mesophyll evaporates and diffuses out of the leaf

24
Q

Why does the xylem continuously replace water

A

the strong attraction of water molecules inside the xylem cells are strongly attracted to each other

25
Q

What uses does transpiration have

A
  • Provides water for photosynthesis
  • Transport mineral ions
  • Cools the leaf as water evaporates
  • Provides water that keeps the cells turgid
26
Q

Define root hair cells

A

single-celled extensions of epidermal cells and they grow between soil particles and absorb water and minerals from the soil

27
Q

How do minerals enter the root hair cell

A

water enters form soil through osmosis

minerals enter through active transport