Bioenergetics + Plants

Question 1

Define photosynthesis

Answer 1

endothermic reaction where energy is transferred to the chloroplasts via light

Question 2

What is the euqation for photosynthesis

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide + water – (light energy) —> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 3

What diffuses through the stomata

Answer 3

CO2 diffuses into the plant thru the stomata and oxygen diffuses out

Question 4

How does water enter the root hair cells

Answer 4

by osmosis

Question 5

What do vascular bundles do

Answer 5

veins that support the leaf and transport water

Question 6

What is the upper surface of the leaf protected by

Answer 6

waxy cuticle to stop water loss

Question 7

Why is the upper epidermis thin

Answer 7

to allow light to pass through

Question 8

What does the palisade mesophyll perform

Answer 8

photosynthesis

Question 9

What is the purpose of the spongy mesophyll

Answer 9

air space for gas diffusion

Question 10

What does the lower epidermis have

Answer 10

stomata to allow gases to diffuse

Question 11

What does the leaf cross section look like

Answer 11

study diagram in nots

Question 12

Define a limiting factor

Answer 12

something that prevents the rate of PS increase further

Question 13

Examples of limiting factors

Answer 13

• Temperature is LOW
• Shortage of CO2
• LOW light intensity
• Shortage of chlorophyll

Question 14

Define Respiration

Answer 14

exothermic process used by all organisms to release energy

Question 15

Define Anaerobic respiration

Answer 15

respiration without oxygen:

Glucose –> lactic acid

Question 16

Define aerobic respiration

Answer 16

respiration involving oxygen:
Glucose + oxygen ->carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6CO2 –> 6CO2 +6H2O (energy released)

Question 17

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 17

fermentation and has the different chemical equation of:

Glucose –> ethanol + CO2 (much LESS energy)

Question 18

What are the cells that make up the xylem

Answer 18

Vessels that lose their end walls to form a continuous, hollow tube. become strengthed by lignin but no longer alive

Question 19

What is transport of substances in the phloem

Answer 19

transport in the phloem goes both up and down the stem called translocation

Question 20

What does the phloem contain

Answer 20

sieve tubes and companion cells

Question 21

Define sieve tubes

Answer 21

specialised for transport and have no nuclei. They each have a perforated end, so its cytoplasm connects one cell to the next

Question 22

Define companion cells

Answer 22

transport of substances in the phloem requires energy. One or more companion cells attached to each sieve rube to provide energy

Question 23

Define transpiration

Answer 23

when the stomata open to let in CO2, water on the surface of the cells of the spongy mesophyll evaporates and diffuses out of the leaf

Question 24

Why does the xylem continuously replace water

Answer 24

the strong attraction of water molecules inside the xylem cells are strongly attracted to each other

Question 25

What uses does transpiration have

Answer 25

- Provides water for photosynthesis - Transport mineral ions - Cools the leaf as water evaporates - Provides water that keeps the cells turgid

Question 26

Define root hair cells

Answer 26

single-celled extensions of epidermal cells and they grow between soil particles and absorb water and minerals from the soil

Question 27

How do minerals enter the root hair cell

Answer 27

water enters form soil through osmosis | minerals enter through active transport