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IB Biology > Ecology - 5.3 Classification of Biodiversity > Flashcards

Ecology - 5.3 Classification of Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

binomial system

A

a universal system (between scientists) that allows for the naming of all known and future species - proposed by Carl Linnaeus in 1700s (mainly refers to the last 2 sections - genus and species)

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2
Q

sub-species

A

a group off of a species that usually have unique features and are geographically isolated from the main species
- usually capable of inter-breeding but seldom do

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3
Q

Taxonomy

A

system of grouping organisms

  • new species can be identified
  • evolutionary links can be made
  • characteristics of organisms can be predicted
  • there are a lot of remembering (over 1,500,000) ie makes it easy

(classify organisms by looking at: structural, behavioural and physiological features, DNZ analysis (although can be changed if new evidence in brought in))

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4
Q

hierarchy of taxa

A

Domaine, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Dumb King Phil Can Order Funky Greek Spices

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5
Q

hierarchy of taxa - Animal (HUMAN)

must memorise 1 human

A

(D) Eukarya, (K) Animala, (P) Chordata, (C) Mammalia, (O) Primate, (F) Hominidae, (G) Homo, (S) Sapiens

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6
Q

hierarchy of taxa - Plan (GREEN PEAS)

must memorise 1 human

A

(D) Eukarya, (K) Plantae, (P) tracheophyta, (C) angiosperm, (O) dictyledon, (F) leguminosae, (G) pisum, (S) sativum

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7
Q

The 3 domain system (diagram found in notes)

A

bacteria - no nucleus
archaraus - ancient, no neucleus
eukarya - has a neucleus

=> all organisms are organised showing the fundamentally different cell types

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8
Q

the 4 eukaryotic kingdoms
(all eukaryotes can be placed into one of these)

Hint:

  1. P..
  2. F…
  3. P…
  4. A…

full diagram on pg 8 of notes :)

A
  1. Protoctista - unicellular, (some multicellular), eukaryotic cells (have membrane-bound organelles w/ nucleus and chromosomes), maybe auto or heterotropic, live in water (euglena/paramecium)
  2. Fungi - eukaryotic filamentous or unicellular, heterotropic, extracellular digestion, cell walls made of chitin (EG = yeast/mushrooms)
  3. Plantae - eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic, autotropic, cell walls made of cellulose (EG= mosses/ferns)
  4. Animalia - eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotropic, often motile (can move) (EG = animals/humans)
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9
Q

terrestrial environments

A

on land

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10
Q

vascular

A

have xylem and phloem transport tissues

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11
Q

xylem

A

tissue to transport water

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12
Q

phloem

A

tissue to transport food/nutrients

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13
Q

Kingdom : Plantae

Hint:
= B
= F
= C
= A
     Class = M
     Class = D
A
  • eukaryotic, multicellular
  • photosynthetic (autotrophic)
  • cell walls of cellulose
  • food stored -> starch
Type HAVE TO KNOW:
= Bryophyta
= Filicinophyta
= Coniferphyta
= Angiosermophyta
      Class = Monocotyledons
      Class = Dicotyledons
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14
Q

Bryophyta

A

Eg Mosses/liverworts

  • live in moist, terrestrial environments
  • non-vascular
  • no ‘true roots’ stems or leaves
  • reproduce via spores (ie. no seeds/flowers)
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15
Q

Filicinophyta

A

Eg Ferns

  • live in moist, terrestrial environments
  • vascular
  • HAS ‘true roots’ stems or leaves
  • reproduce via spores (ie. no seeds/flowers)
  • have an alternation of sporophyte (spore-producing) and gametophyte (gamete producing) generations
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16
Q

Coniferphyta

A

Eg Pines

  • live in terrestrial environments
  • vascular
  • HAS ‘true roots’ stems or leaves
  • has male cones (produce pollen) and female cones
17
Q

Angiosermophyta

A

Eg ANY flowering plant

    • live in terrestrial environments
  • vascular
  • HAS ‘true roots’ stems or leaves
  • produce flowers w/ male and female gametes (pollen/ova)
  • produce seeds in flowers
18
Q

Angiosermophyta - Class = Monocotyledons

A

Eg Grasses, corn, lillies

  • leaves in parallel veins
  • seed has only one part (one cotyledon)
  • normal herbaceous (non-woody)
  • vascular bundles are spread throughout stem
  • flower has 3 petals
19
Q

Angiosermophyta - Class = Dicotyledons

A

Eg most trees, shrubs, herbs

  • leaves have branching veins
  • seed has two parts (two cotyledon)
  • often have secondary growth (woody tissue)
  • vascular bundles in ring near outside of stem
  • flower has 4-5 petals
20
Q

Kingdom : Animalia
(ALL PHYLLUM)

Hint:
= P
= C
= P
= A
= M
= A
= C
A
  • multi cellular
  • heterotrophic
  • food stored as glycogen and fat
Type HAVE TO KNOW:
= Porifera
= Cnideria
= Platyhelmintha
= Annelida
= Mollusca
= Arthropoda
= Chordata
21
Q

homeotherm

A

can regulate body temp (ie. warm-blooded)

22
Q

poikilotherm

A

can NOT regulate body temp (ie. cold-blooded)

23
Q

Porifera

A

Eg Sponges

  • Asymmetrical symmetry
  • NO mouth or anus
  • pores throughout body
  • loose collection of cells
24
Q

Cnideria

A

Eg Jellyfish, Anemones

  • Radial symmetry (ie. round)
  • mouth BUT no anus (sac gut)
  • hydrostatic skeleton
  • stinging tentacles
25
Q

Platyhelmintha

A

Eg flatworms, tapeworms

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • mouth BUT no anus (sac gut)
  • hydrostatic skeleton
  • flat body
26
Q

Annelida

A

Eg. earthworms, leeches

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • mouth AND anus
  • hydrostatic skeleton
  • segmented body
27
Q

Mollusca

A

Eg. squids, snails

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • mouth AND anus
  • hydrostatic skeleton
  • muscular foot …
  • most have a shell
28
Q

Arthropoda

A

Eg. Ants, beetles, spiders, crabs

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • mouth AND anus
  • Exoskeleton skeleton (chitin)
  • joined appendages
29
Q

Chordata (+ 5 main classes)

A
  1. fish
  2. amphibians
  3. reptiles
  4. birds
  5. mammals
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • mouth AND anus
  • endoskeleton skeleton (bone and cartilage)
  • pharyngeal slits
  • notochord and spinal column
  • post-anal tail (for humans - tail bone)

IB Biology (36 decks)

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