ECG/Vascular Flashcards
Anterior STEMI
ST elevation V1-V3
Reciprocal changes in inferior leads
Posterior STEMI findings
NO ST ELEVATION Reciprocal changes in V1-V3: ST depression Tall, broad R-waves Upright T-waves
New AF presenting within 48 hours
DC cardioversion
ECG changes in digoxin toxicity
SVT - atrial tachycardia
150-250bpm
down sloping ST depression
flattened/inverted t wavred
Treatment for paroxysmal SVT
Medication (beta blockers, calcium channel blockers or amiodarone)
Radiofrequency ablation
Adenosine side effects
Flushing
Normal ABPI
0.9-1.3
ABPI for mild PAD?
0.6-0.9
ABPI for mod-severe PAD?
0.3-0.6
ABPI for critical PAD?
<0.3
ABPI in T2DM?
Usually >1.2 due to calcification
Positive I and aVF
Normal axis deviation
Positive I, negative aVF
Left axis deviation
I negative, aVF positive
Right axis deviation
Inferior leads
II, III, aVF
Reciprocal leads for inferior
I, aVL
Lateral leads
I, aVL, V5, V6
Reciprocal leads for lateral leads
II, III, aVF
What does a U wave demonstrate?
Repolarisation of purkinje fibres
ST depression/t-wave inversion + chest pain
Unstable angina
Deep Q wave
Shows tissue death - may be from a previous MI
Causes of AF
Hypothyroidism Hyperkalaemia sepsis Idiopathic (cause unknown) Hypertension Mitral valve disease Cardiomyopathy Thyrotoxicosis Alcohol Sick sinus syndrome Cardiac surgery Autonomic
Tall R waves in V1 and V2?
Posterior MI
J waves
Hypothermia
ST depression in Lead I
or ST elevation greater in lead III than II
Which coronary artery is the most likely culprit?
Right coronary artery
ST elevation in I
Or ST elevation in II => III
Which artery is affected?
Left circumflex
Inferior leads and associated artery
II, III, aVF
right coronary
Which artery relates to anteroseptal leads (V1-4)?
LAD
Define 1st degree heart block
PR >0.2
Asymptomatic
common ECG findings in PE
t wave inversion (ischaemia)
Right axis deviation and RBBB
ECG features of WPW
Shortened PR <120 - accessory pathway activates ventricular contraction early.
Prolonged QRS >110
Delta wave
Downwards T wave
