ECG Flashcards
electrical signal through heart
SA node - pacemaker travels along posterior, middle and anterior internodal tracts right atrium contracts backmans bundle fast tracts signal to left contracts at same time signal meets again at AV node spreads down bundle his at apex, seperates into pjunke fibres ventricles contracts
what is the cardiac muscle made up of
nucleus, mitochondria, myosin, actin, sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum
what is the concentration of mitochondria
20-45% depending on training status
role of sarcolemma
binds structure together
role of sarcoplasmic reticulum
stores calcium
role of intercalated discs
allows myocytes to lock together
large surface area
interdigtation - stronger binding
role of desmosomes
help provide extra strength to binding
role of gap junctions
allows quick conduction of ions and metabolities between two myocytes
movement down conc gradient
what are autorhymtic cells
generates action impluse by themselves
autorhytmic BPM of SA node
approx 90-100
autorhytmic BPM of AV node
approx 40-60
autorhytmic BPM of bundle of his
15-30
describe cardiac action potential at rest
more NA+ and Ca+ outside
more K+ inside
resting potentail of -70mv
describe pacemaker action potential
no resting potential threshold at -40mv
funny channels open below -40mv - allows slow influx of Na+
at threshold - Ca2+ channels open, depolarisation
at peak - K+ channels open, Ca channels inactive
voltage returns to -60mv
describe contracil myocytes action potential
resting at -90mv, only depolarise when stimulated
threshold of -70mv
fast Na channels open - rapid depolarisation
-40mv - L-type/slow Ca2+ channels open - slow steady influx
at peak - Na+ close, K+ open, Ca2+ stay open balance K = plateau
Ca induces greater influx of Ca = contraction
Ca channels close, K open
return to resting, pumps return balance
Ca pathway in contracting muscle
depolarising wave from adjacent cell volatge gated CA2+ channels open, enters cell Ca2+ induces Ca2+ release from R via ryanodine receptor local release casue Ca2+ spark summed spark creates a Ca2+ signal Ca2+ ions bind to tropoin = contraction relaxation - Ca2+ unbinds pumped back into SR via ATP pump exchanges with Na+
how much of Ca2+ is receyled into SR
70%
how many Ca2+ exchanged for Na
1 Ca2+ for 3 Na+