Arthritis Flashcards
arthrtsis
a chronic joint disorder characterised by degreneration of joint cartlidge causing pain and stiffness
can limit physical function
process of osteoarthrsis
cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans become abnormal
initally an increase in cartlidge growth and bone dnsity - reducing joint space
soon cartlidge thins and cracks, rough cartlidge causes pain during movement
bone starts to be worn down, bone moves against bone increasing erosion and pain
spurs develop to compensate
inflammation means synovium is thickened - increase synovial fluid
joint swells
ligaments become lax and overstreatched casuing weakness
rheumatoid arthritsis
an autoimmune disease affecting the wholw body
affects 1% of the population
3x more common in women
effect of inflammatory cytokines
cause weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle pain and weight loss
may cause myocardial damage and pericarditis
process of rheumatoid arthritsis
T cells in synovial fluid become corrupted and unable to distinguish between foreign and normal body cells
excessive production of immunoglobins and inflammatory cytokines
aggressive productinon of interleukin 6 causes persisent inflamation and joint destruction
osteoclasts stimulated
excessive Ig causes abnormal growth and division of synoival and cartlidge cells
macropahges migrate to joints - release enzymes that cause synovitis
what is synovitis
increased swelling of joints
stretching of ligaments
enzymes released by macopahages attacks hyaline cartlidge
name some immunglobins
IgA
IgG
IgM
name some inflammaroty cytokines
Tnf alpha
Interleukins - IL6
5 stages of RA
healthy
synovitis
pannus - destroyed hyaline cartlidge, pitted bone, swelling
fibrous ankylosis - joining of connective tissue and bone
bony alkylosis - fixed joint
what can affect arthritsis
age gender inactivity obesity overuse infection
how does age affect arthritis
increased prevalence in older
natural decline in glucosamine and condition sulphate production
how does gender affect arthritis
men have more hip OA
women have more hand/knee OA
women>men RA
oestrogen appears to be protective, with increased OA post menopause
how does inactivity increase arthritis
weakness of quads increase risk of OA
how does obesity increase arthritis
top 20% for BMI increases risk 7-10 times for hip and knee OA
how does overuse affect arthritis
inconclusive data
but histoy of damage predisposed to OA
moderate levels of PA does not increase risk