ECF And ICF Fluid Compartments

Question 1

Water makes up what % of body weight

Answer 1

60 males

50 females

Question 2

The exchange of water between ICF ECF takes place a crosse plasma membrane by

Answer 2

Osmosis
Diffusion
Carrier mediated transport

Question 3

Largest subdivision of ECF

Answer 3

Are the interstitial fluid of peripheral tissue and

Plasma of circulating blood

Question 4

Minor components of ECF Include

Answer 4

Lymph
CSF
Synovial fluid
Serous fluids
Aqueous humor 
Perilymph
Endolymph

Question 5

The greatest variation is in the ICF, between sexes because

Answer 5

Differences in the intracellulae water content of fat versus muscle

Question 6

In clinical situations it’s customary to estimate that 2/3 of total body weight is—
And 1/3 is—

Answer 6

ICF

ECF

Question 7

Exchange among the subdivisions of the ECF occurs primarily across —

Answer 7

The endothelial lining of capillaries;
Or
Travel from interstitial spaces to plasma through lymphatic vessels

Question 8

The ECF ICF are called fluid compartments because

Answer 8

They commonly have separate sections

Question 9

The principal ions in the ECF are

Answer 9

Sodium
Chloride
Bicarbonate HCO3-

Question 10

The ICF has an abundance of

Answer 10

Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate ions HPO4 2-
Large amount of negatively charged proteins

Question 11

Ions can enter and leave the cell how?

Answer 11

Specific membrane channels and/or carrier mechanisms

Question 12

The regulation of fluid balance and electrolyte balance are intertwined because

Answer 12

Changes in solute concentration lead to immediate changes in water distribution

Question 13

4 basic principles in fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 13

1. All the homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ECF,not in the ICF
2. No receptors directly monitor fluid or electrolyte balance.
3. Cells cannot move water molecules by active transport
4. The body’s content of water or electrolytes will increase if dietary gains exceed losses to the environment, and will decrease if losses exceed gains

Question 14

Receptors can monitor

Answer 14

Plasma volume and osmotic concentration

Question 15

All movement of water across plasma membrane and epithelium takes place

Answer 15

Passively

In response to osmotic gradients

Question 16

3 hormones mediate physiological adjustments to fluid balance and electrolyte balance

Answer 16

Antidiuretic hormone ADH
Aldosterone
Natriuretic peptides ANP and BNP

Question 17

Osmoreceptors

Answer 17

Special cells in the hypothalamus
Monitor the osmotic concentration of the ECF
Secrete ADH; anti diuretic hormone

Question 18

How much change in osmotic concentration is enough to alter osmoreceptor activity

Answer 18

2%

6 mOsm/L

Question 19

As osmotic concentration increase

Answer 19

Increase of ADH secretion

Question 20

2 important effects of increase of released ADH

Answer 20

Stimulates water conservation by kidneys, reducing urinary water loss and concentration of the urine.
It stimulates the hypothalamus thirst center, promoting the intake of fluids.
Restores plasma osmotic concentration.

Question 21

Aldosterone is secreted by

Answer 21

Adrenal cortex

Question 22

What is the major role of the aldosterone secretion

Answer 22

In determining the rate of Na+ absorption and K+ loss along the DCT and collecting system of the kidneys.

Question 23

Higher plasma concentration of aldosterone results in

Answer 23

Kidneys conserve Na+ and water retention.
Then: Na, Cl, and water leave the tubular fluid.
Increases sensitivity of salt receptors in the tongue.

Question 24

Aldosterone is secreted in response to

Answer 24

Increasing K or decreasing Na levels in blood
Or
In response to the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 25

Renin release occurs in response to any of these:

Answer 25

A decrease in plasma volume or blood pressure at the juxtaglomerular complex of the nephron;
A decrease in the osmotic concentration of tubular fluid at the DCT;
Decreasing Na or increasing K concentrations in the renal circulation.

Question 26

Natriuretic peptides
Atrial natriuretic peptides ANP
Brain natriuretic peptides BNP
Are released

Answer 26

By cardiac muscle cells in response to abnormal stretching of the heart walls (from increased blood pressure or blood volume)

Question 27

Natriuretic peptides effect

Answer 27

Reduce thirst
Block release of ADH and aldosterone
The resulting diuretics decreases blood pressure and plasma volume, eliminating stretching

Question 28

Fluid movement in minor components of the ECF

Answer 28

Back and forth across the mesothelial surfaces that line the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities, and through the synovial membranes that line joint capsules.
Water moves between blood and CSF, between the aqueous humor and vitreous humor of the eye, and between the perilymph and endolymph of the internal ear.

Question 29

Water movement can take place between the ICF but under normal circumstances

Answer 29

the two are in osmotic equilibrium.

Question 30

Exchange between plasma and the interstitial fluids is due to the relationship between

Answer 30

Net hydrostatic pressure and the net colloid osmotic pressure

Question 31

Net hydrostatic pressure

Answer 31

Pushes water out of plasma and into interstitial fluid

Question 32

Net colloid pressure

Answer 32

Tends to draw water out of the interstitial fluid and into plasma