EC: Children's Understanding of the World Flashcards
both Piaget and Vygotsky believed that … referred to as …
children actively try to understand the world around them
Piaget is identified as a _______ constructivist, which focuses on …
cognitive constructivist, independent learning
Vygotsky is a _____ constructivist relying on …
social constructivist relying on social interactions for learning
theory-theory is the tendency of children to …
generate theories to explain everything they encounter
what does the Theory-Theory concept imply?
humans are naturally inclined to find reasons and generate explanations for why things occur
theory of mind refers to …
the ability to think about other people’s thoughts
theory of mind: describe “diverse-desires”
understanding that two people may have different desires regarding the same object
theory of mind: describe “diverse-beliefs”
understanding that two people may hold different beliefs about an object
theory of mind: describe “knowledge access” (knowledge/ignorance)
understanding that people may or may not have access to information
theory of mind: describe “false belief”
understanding that someone might hold a belief based on false information
list the four stages of language development
vocabulary, grammar, conversation and supporting language development
Vocabulary development: age 2-6 word acquisition,
age 2- 250 words, age 6- 10,000 words (five new words daily)
what is fast mapping and when does it occur?
learning object names, verbs and modifiers. occurs in vocabulary development
Vocabulary development: what cues are there to learn language at this stage?
perceptual, social and linguistic
Gramatical Development: ages and two basic rules
ages 2-3. Simple subject-verb-object word order
small changes to express meanings flexibility (-ing, -s)
what is “over-regularization” and when does it occur?
overextend rules to exceptions. happens when learning grammar
Gramatical Development: describe “complex structures”
question asking, subject-verb agreement, passive voice, embedded sentences, indirect objects
Converstation: define pragmatics
effective and appropriate communication
Conversation: age 2 skill
skilled face-to-face interaction and turn taking
Conversation: age 3 skill
infers speaker’s intention, indirectly expressed
Converstation: age 4 skill
adjust speech to fit listener age, sex, status
Conversation: ages 4-8 skills
converses and gives direction on the phone, gradually overcoming lack of conversational aids
list one way to support early childhood language development
have conversations with adults to stimulate the child to talk and promote correct word usage
Supporting early childhood language: recasts
restructuring inaccurate speech or correct grammatical form
Supporting early childhood language: expansions
elaborating on children’s speech, increasing its grammatical complexity
