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Lifespan Development Psychology > Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

genes are …

A

specific sequence of nucleotides and are recipes for making proteins

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2
Q

proteins are responsible for …

A

influencing the structure and functions of cells

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3
Q

genes are located on … there are an estimated … genes for humans

A

the chromosomes, 20,500

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4
Q

mitosis is defined as …

A

the cell’s nucleus making an exact copy of all the chromosomes and splitting into two new cells

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5
Q

in meiosis the …

A

gamete’s chromosomes duplicate and then divide twice resulting in four cells containing only half the genetic material of the original gamete

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6
Q

normal human cells contain __ chromosomes in the …

A

46, nucleus of the cells

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7
Q

the word genotype refers to …

A

the sum total of all the genes a person inherits

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8
Q

the word phenotype refers to …

A

the features that are actually expressed

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9
Q

define homozygous

A

receiving either the same version of a gene from our mother and father

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10
Q

define heterozygous

A

receiving a different version of the gene from each parent

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11
Q

describe dominant genes

A

a gene that expresses themselves in the phenotype even when paired with a different version of the gene

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12
Q

describe recessive genes

A

a gene that expresses themselves only when when paired with a similar version gene

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13
Q

genetics refer to …

A

different versions of a gene as well as alleles

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14
Q

provide four examples of dominant traits

A

facial dimples, curly hair, normal vision and dark hair

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15
Q

provide three examples of recessive traits

A

red hair, being nearsighted, and straight hair

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16
Q

most characteristics are not the result of a single gene; they are ______, meaning …

A

polygenic, they are the result of several genes

17
Q

describe incomplete dominance

A

the dominant gene does not completely suppress the recessive gene

18
Q

most know genetic disorder are …; however, the vast majority of … are not …

A

dominant gene-linked; dominant gene linked disorders … serious of debilitating

19
Q

recessive gene disorders are ____ common, but actually claim more lives because …

A

less, they are less likely to be detected as people are unaware that they are carriers of the disease

20
Q

a chromosomal abnormality occurs when …

A

a child inherits too many or too few chromosomes

21
Q

the most common cause of chromosomal abnormalities is … why?

A

the age of the mother. the ovum is more likely to suffer abnormalities due to longer term exposure to environmental factors

22
Q

name one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities. when does it occur?

A

Trisomy 1 or Down syndrome.
occurs when there are three rather than two 21st chromosomes

23
Q

when the abnormality is on the 23rd pair the result is a …

A

sex-linked chromosomal abnormality

24
Q

two of the more common sex-linked chromosomal disorders are … and …

A

Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome

25
Q

turner syndrome occurs when …

A

part or all of one of the X chromosomes is lost and the resulting zygote has an XO composition

26
Q

Klinefelter syndrome results when …

A

an extra X chromosome is present in the cells of a male

27
Q

genetic counseling refers to …

A

a service that assists individuals identify, test for, and explain potential genetic conditions that could adversely affect themselves or their offspring

28
Q

define behavioural genetics

A

the scientific study of the interplay between the genetic and environmental contributions to behaviour

29
Q

genotype-environment correlations refer to …

A

the processes by which genetic factors contribute to variations in the environment

30
Q

passive genotype-environment correlation occurs when …

A

children passively inherit the genes and the environments their family provides

31
Q

evocative genotype-environment correlation refers to …

A

how the social environment reacts to individuals baed on their inherited characteristics

32
Q

active genotype-environment correlation occurs when …

A

individuals seek out environments that support their genetic tendencies

33
Q

genotype-environment interactions involve …

A

genetic susceptibility to the environment

34
Q

epigenetics studies ..

A

modifications in DNA that affect gene expression and are passed on when the cells divide

Lifespan Development Psychology (20 decks)

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