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Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Obsessive desire to lose weight/ be thin by restricting food

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2
Q

Weight of anorexic patients

A

BMI under 18

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3
Q

Symptoms of AN

A

Low body weight
Fear of weight gain
Body image disturbance

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4
Q

Restrictions in AN

A

Amount of food

Type of food

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5
Q

Other ways AN patients may try to lose weight

A

Purging

Excessive exercise

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6
Q

Subjective binges

A

Reported binge but food intake was small

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7
Q

Objective binges

A

Large amount of food in a small period of time

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8
Q

What type of binges may occur in AN

A

Subjective binges

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9
Q

Disturbance in body image

A

Dissatisfaction with
Certain body part
Overall weight
Shape of body

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10
Q

Associated features of AN

A

Social withdrawal
Irritability
Preoccupation with food
Depression

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11
Q

Subtypes of AN

A

Binge/purging

Restricting

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12
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Binge eating followed by compensating

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13
Q

Compensatory behaviours

A

Fasting
Excessive exercise
Purging

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14
Q

What types of binges take place in BN

A

Objective binges

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15
Q

How often must the cycle occur and for how long for a BN diagnosis

A

atleast 1/week for 3 months

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16
Q

Symptoms of BN

A

Objective binges followed by compensatory behaviours

Undue influence of body image and weight on self esteem

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17
Q

BN weight

A

normal weight or slightly overweight

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18
Q

Binge eating Disorder

A

Recurrent objective binges + distress

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19
Q

of symptoms needed for a BED diagnosis

A

atleast 3

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20
Q

BED symptoms

A

Eating rapidly
Eating until uncomfortably full
Eating large amounts of food when not hungry
Eating alone due to embarrassment about amount of food being eaten
Feeling disgusted, guilty or depressed after binge

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21
Q

Are compensatory behaviours used in BED

A

No, not regularly

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22
Q

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

A

Difficulty in eating, results in lack of nutrition and energy consumption

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23
Q

Is that lack of food intake in AFID due to body image disturbances

A

No it is not

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24
Q

Eating disorders are more common in which gender

A

Female, 2-3 times more common

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25
Most common eating disorder
Binge -eating Disorder
26
Second most common eating disorder
Bulimia Nervosa
27
Rarest eating disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
28
Which disorder shows the most gender differences
Anorexia Nervosa
29
Which disorder shows the least gender differences
Binge-eating disorder
30
What eating behaviours do men participate in the most
Binge-eating and excessive exercise
31
Which male group reports the highest level of symptoms
Middle age men
32
Age of onset of AN
19
33
Age of onset of BN
20
34
Age of onset of BED
25
35
Which disorder has the highest mortality rate
AN
36
Recovery rate for BN
50% no symptoms | 20% show no change in symptoms
37
What is an effective assessment tool for eating disorders
Interviews | better than self reports
38
How many ED diagnosis can you have at one time
Only one at a time
39
Etiology of Eating Disorders
Genetics Neurotransmitter deregulation Pre-existing obesity Psychosocial factors
40
Biological factors of EDs
``` Genetics (50%) Neurotransmitter deregulation (Dysfunctional serotonin activity) ```
41
What must be ruled put to make a eating -disorder diagnosis
Must rule out medical reasons for symptoms and MDD
42
What differentiations must be made to diagnosis
Is it BN or binge-eating/purging AN? Is it BED or BN? Are compensations excessive and inappropriate?
43
Psychosocial factors of EDs
Physical/ sexual abuse | Personality characteristics
44
Personality characteristics that influence development of EDs
``` Perfectionism Neuroticism Punishment avoidance Sensitivity to social rewards Negative urgency Low extraversion Level of Impulsivity ```
45
Neuroticism
personality trait characterized by anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, jealousy, and loneliness.
46
Negative urgency
Tendency to act rashly when distressed
47
Extraversion
Measure of outgoingness and social ability of a person
48
Family factors
Family history of EDs High parental expectations Transmission of pathological values (value on weight and attractiveness) Miscommunication (Mothers can give false/ inaccurate info) Family relationships
49
Sociocultural Factors
Thin ideal Thin ideal > increased body dissatisfaction > increased risk of disorder
50
How does the media portray eating disorders
Young White females Rarely discuss bad aspects Never see biological/genetic reasons for the disorder
51
Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
``` Family based treatments (Most Effective) CBT for relapse prevention Focal psychoanalytical therapy Motivational interviewing Specialist supported clinical management ```
52
Family based treatment
3 phases involving family 1. Weight restoration 2. Return of eating control 3. Promote normal development (Non-weight based identity)
53
Who is family based treatment effective for
Teens
54
Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa
``` CBT (Most Effective) Interpersonal therapy Family-based treatment Motivational enhancement Dialectical behaviour treatment ```
55
CBT for Bulimia Nervosa
Reduce dysfunctional dieting Develop skills to deal with high risk situations Modify thoughts and feelings about shape and weight
56
How does CBT reduce dysfunctional dieting
Promote moderation | Nothing is completely good food or bad food
57
Theory behind CBT for BN
Dietary restriction + negative emotions = binge-eating/purging
58
Treatment for Binge Eating Disorder
``` CBT Interpersonal therapy Behavioural weight loss Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Most Effective) Motivational interviewing ```
59
What is the most effective treatment for BED
Dialectical behaviour Therapy
60
Behavioural Weight loss
There is a good and bad foods list | Evidence based treatment
61
What is Dialectical Behaviour Therapy effective for
Useful for any illness with strong negative emotions including BN and BED Most effective most BED
62
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy
Emotion regulation 3 Components
63
Components of DBT
Group Skills Training Individual Therapy Telephone Coaching
64
Goals of DBT in BED
Mindfulness Distress Tolerance Emotion Regulation Interpersonal Effectiveness
65
What is Mindfullness (DBT)
Learn that negative emotions are brief states
66
Distress Tolerance (DBT)
Learn skills to help yourself through a crisis
67
Emotion Regulation (DBT)
Reduce vulnerability to negative emotions
68
Interpersonal Effectiveness (DBT)
Develop relationship skills
69
Levels of Prevention
Universal Selected Indicated
70
Universal Prevention
Targets cultural attitudes and practices Main focus are public institutions and public policies
71
Selected Prevention
Targets high risk groups
72
Indicated Prevention
Targets people showing early warning signs Girls with high weight/shape concerns
73
Dissonance-based Prevention programs
Have people critique the thin ideal Reduce discrepancy between beliefs and actions
74
CBT- based prevention
Read material and discuss online
75
How effective are prevention programs
Small to moderate effect
76
What levels of prevention are most effective
Indicated and Selected
77
Which group benefits the most from prevention programs
Adolecents
78
Are interactive or presentation(didatic) based prevention more effective
Interactive
79
Should prevention focus on teaching about EDs
More effective when they are focused on body acceptance

Abnormal Pyschology (8 decks)

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