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Abnormal Pyschology > Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Obsessive desire to lose weight/ be thin by restricting food

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2
Q

Weight of anorexic patients

A

BMI under 18

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3
Q

Symptoms of AN

A

Low body weight
Fear of weight gain
Body image disturbance

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4
Q

Restrictions in AN

A

Amount of food

Type of food

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5
Q

Other ways AN patients may try to lose weight

A

Purging

Excessive exercise

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6
Q

Subjective binges

A

Reported binge but food intake was small

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7
Q

Objective binges

A

Large amount of food in a small period of time

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8
Q

What type of binges may occur in AN

A

Subjective binges

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9
Q

Disturbance in body image

A

Dissatisfaction with
Certain body part
Overall weight
Shape of body

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10
Q

Associated features of AN

A

Social withdrawal
Irritability
Preoccupation with food
Depression

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11
Q

Subtypes of AN

A

Binge/purging

Restricting

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12
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Binge eating followed by compensating

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13
Q

Compensatory behaviours

A

Fasting
Excessive exercise
Purging

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14
Q

What types of binges take place in BN

A

Objective binges

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15
Q

How often must the cycle occur and for how long for a BN diagnosis

A

atleast 1/week for 3 months

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16
Q

Symptoms of BN

A

Objective binges followed by compensatory behaviours

Undue influence of body image and weight on self esteem

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17
Q

BN weight

A

normal weight or slightly overweight

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18
Q

Binge eating Disorder

A

Recurrent objective binges + distress

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19
Q

of symptoms needed for a BED diagnosis

A

atleast 3

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20
Q

BED symptoms

A

Eating rapidly
Eating until uncomfortably full
Eating large amounts of food when not hungry
Eating alone due to embarrassment about amount of food being eaten
Feeling disgusted, guilty or depressed after binge

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21
Q

Are compensatory behaviours used in BED

A

No, not regularly

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22
Q

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

A

Difficulty in eating, results in lack of nutrition and energy consumption

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23
Q

Is that lack of food intake in AFID due to body image disturbances

A

No it is not

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24
Q

Eating disorders are more common in which gender

A

Female, 2-3 times more common

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25
Q

Most common eating disorder

A

Binge -eating Disorder

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26
Q

Second most common eating disorder

A

Bulimia Nervosa

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27
Q

Rarest eating disorder

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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28
Q

Which disorder shows the most gender differences

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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29
Q

Which disorder shows the least gender differences

A

Binge-eating disorder

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30
Q

What eating behaviours do men participate in the most

A

Binge-eating and excessive exercise

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31
Q

Which male group reports the highest level of symptoms

A

Middle age men

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32
Q

Age of onset of AN

A

19

33
Q

Age of onset of BN

A

20

34
Q

Age of onset of BED

A

25

35
Q

Which disorder has the highest mortality rate

A

AN

36
Q

Recovery rate for BN

A

50% no symptoms

20% show no change in symptoms

37
Q

What is an effective assessment tool for eating disorders

A

Interviews

better than self reports

38
Q

How many ED diagnosis can you have at one time

A

Only one at a time

39
Q

Etiology of Eating Disorders

A

Genetics
Neurotransmitter deregulation
Pre-existing obesity
Psychosocial factors

40
Q

Biological factors of EDs

A 
Genetics (50%)
Neurotransmitter deregulation (Dysfunctional serotonin activity)
41
Q

What must be ruled put to make a eating -disorder diagnosis

A

Must rule out medical reasons for symptoms and MDD

42
Q

What differentiations must be made to diagnosis

A

Is it BN or binge-eating/purging AN?

Is it BED or BN? Are compensations excessive and inappropriate?

43
Q

Psychosocial factors of EDs

A

Physical/ sexual abuse

Personality characteristics

44
Q

Personality characteristics that influence development of EDs

A 
Perfectionism 
Neuroticism
Punishment avoidance 
Sensitivity to social rewards 
Negative urgency
Low extraversion
Level of Impulsivity
45
Q

Neuroticism

A

personality trait characterized by anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, jealousy, and loneliness.

46
Q

Negative urgency

A

Tendency to act rashly when distressed

47
Q

Extraversion

A

Measure of outgoingness and social ability of a person

48
Q

Family factors

A

Family history of EDs
High parental expectations
Transmission of pathological values (value on weight and attractiveness)
Miscommunication (Mothers can give false/ inaccurate info)
Family relationships

49
Q

Sociocultural Factors

A

Thin ideal

Thin ideal > increased body dissatisfaction > increased risk of disorder

50
Q

How does the media portray eating disorders

A

Young White females
Rarely discuss bad aspects
Never see biological/genetic reasons for the disorder

51
Q

Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa

A 
Family based treatments (Most Effective)
CBT for relapse prevention 
Focal psychoanalytical therapy 
Motivational interviewing 
Specialist supported clinical management
52
Q

Family based treatment

A

3 phases involving family

  1. Weight restoration
  2. Return of eating control
  3. Promote normal development (Non-weight based identity)
53
Q

Who is family based treatment effective for

A

Teens

54
Q

Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa

A 
CBT (Most Effective)
Interpersonal therapy 
Family-based treatment 
Motivational enhancement 
Dialectical behaviour treatment
55
Q

CBT for Bulimia Nervosa

A

Reduce dysfunctional dieting
Develop skills to deal with high risk situations
Modify thoughts and feelings about shape and weight

56
Q

How does CBT reduce dysfunctional dieting

A

Promote moderation

Nothing is completely good food or bad food

57
Q

Theory behind CBT for BN

A

Dietary restriction + negative emotions = binge-eating/purging

58
Q

Treatment for Binge Eating Disorder

A 
CBT
Interpersonal therapy 
Behavioural weight loss 
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Most Effective) 
Motivational interviewing
59
Q

What is the most effective treatment for BED

A

Dialectical behaviour Therapy

60
Q

Behavioural Weight loss

A

There is a good and bad foods list

Evidence based treatment

61
Q

What is Dialectical Behaviour Therapy effective for

A

Useful for any illness with strong negative emotions including BN and BED

Most effective most BED

62
Q

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

A

Emotion regulation

3 Components

63
Q

Components of DBT

A

Group Skills Training
Individual Therapy
Telephone Coaching

64
Q

Goals of DBT in BED

A

Mindfulness
Distress Tolerance
Emotion Regulation
Interpersonal Effectiveness

65
Q

What is Mindfullness (DBT)

A

Learn that negative emotions are brief states

66
Q

Distress Tolerance (DBT)

A

Learn skills to help yourself through a crisis

67
Q

Emotion Regulation (DBT)

A

Reduce vulnerability to negative emotions

68
Q

Interpersonal Effectiveness (DBT)

A

Develop relationship skills

69
Q

Levels of Prevention

A

Universal
Selected
Indicated

70
Q

Universal Prevention

A

Targets cultural attitudes and practices

Main focus are public institutions and public policies

71
Q

Selected Prevention

A

Targets high risk groups

72
Q

Indicated Prevention

A

Targets people showing early warning signs

Girls with high weight/shape concerns

73
Q

Dissonance-based Prevention programs

A

Have people critique the thin ideal

Reduce discrepancy between beliefs and actions

74
Q

CBT- based prevention

A

Read material and discuss online

75
Q

How effective are prevention programs

A

Small to moderate effect

76
Q

What levels of prevention are most effective

A

Indicated and Selected

77
Q

Which group benefits the most from prevention programs

A

Adolecents

78
Q

Are interactive or presentation(didatic) based prevention more effective

A

Interactive

79
Q

Should prevention focus on teaching about EDs

A

More effective when they are focused on body acceptance

Abnormal Pyschology (8 decks)

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