East Asia

Question 1

Politics

Answer 1

1. Dynasties with emperors- mandate of heaven
   Start of bureaucracy/meritocracy

2. Japan borrowed from China 
Increased bureaucracy 
Tributary system 
Constant threat from North 
Prince Shotoku then daimyos 

3. Fall of Ming from internal/external - Manchu
   Japan: Warring States Period to Tokogawa Shogunate
   Centralized rule
4. Abdication of Qing, unification of China
   Fight for control with Mao
   Japan: abolishes feudalism, Civil code, regional govs
   Nationalism = huge force

5. Decolonization from Europe Nominally democratic 
Tensions- China and West
USSR/China split 
Birth of Chinese Republic 
Japan: parliamentary capitalism

Question 2

Economy

Answer 2

1. Lots of money flowing in from Silk Roads, Otherwise agricultural
2. Paper money
   Credit or “flying money”
   High taxes cause peasant revolts
   Serfs bound to land

3. China:  trade with Europeans in Qing  
Japan: manufacturing, merchant class get wealth and power , urbanization, population growth 

4. Provide labor for plantations/mines
   Meiji Restoration- quickly industrialized in Japan
5. Modernization of Japan, Taiwan, South Korea
   Post- industrial/high-tech
   Less affected by global depression
   Need natural resources

Question 3

Social class/Gender

Answer 3

1. Patriarchal 
Confucian principles 
Women only power in court 
Scholars/officials → military → artisans
Few live in cities 

2. Code of Bushido- chivalry
   Women lost freedom in Japan
3. Foreigners allowed in China
   Manchus higher than Chinese
   Japan: hierarchy becomes unbreakable, samurai at top
   lower class women more free – upper obey or die

4. Rigid Tokogawa hierarchy ended 
Middle class grows power 
Lower classes- horrible  conditions, taxed a lot 

5. Slow to embrace/tolerate diversity and individualism 
High degree/variety social services 
Rise of feminism- suffrage
Women went worked WWII
Foot binding outlawed

Question 4

Science/Inventions

Answer 4

1. Iron Age
   Modernized army
   Paper, accurate sundials/calendars, agriculture improvements (plow)

2. Gunpowder for military 
Boasts = junks 
Navigation/block printing 
Iron production 
Agriculture technique → population → cities  

3. Gunpowder more prevalent
   Globalization of trade
4. British introduced opium to China
   Westernization of Japan
   - steamships/railroads
   Communication revolution
5. Atomic bombs
   Nuclear weaponry
   Militarism in Japan
   Computer, internet, biotechnology and genetic science

Question 5

Art/Architecture

Answer 5

1. Brush painting
   Palaces
2. Infrastructure (roads, inns, postal stations)
   Japan: haiku, pencil sketches, ink sketches, Noh drama, tea ceremony
3. Japan: kabuki theatre replaces restrained drama,
   Woodblock prints = art form, borrowed Korean ceramics and western oil painting
4. Artistic styles change more rapidly and radically than ever before

5. Theme for lit- resisting US
New style= cubism 
Movie industry 
Use of concrete and glass 
New skepticism

Question 6

Empire

Answer 6

1. Collapse of empires in China from internal problems – economic depression, natural catastrophe, social unrest
2. Mongol empires – conquer China, but fail in Japan → replaced by Ottoman Turks and Ju Yuanzahng of Ming dynasty
3. Japan empire centralized
   Fall of the Manchu empire
   Interaction with west = China – relatively isolated, Japan- periods of isolation and acceptance
4. The fall of China – opium wars, internal rebellions, external lasses, Boxer Rebellion
   Japanese imperialism- Taiwan, Korea, Russia
5. Japan- WWII- invades Manchuria, China, Siberia – taking over Southeast Asia,
   Bomb Pearl Harbor – brings US into war → atomic bomb → US occupies Japan

Question 7

Religion

Answer 7

1. Polytheism, animism ancestor worship
   Confucianism, Legalism
   Daoism, also spread of Buddhism from India
2. Buddhist missionaries
   Shinto religion
   Influenced by monotheistic religions
   Neo- Confucian thought
3. New sects of Buddhism from China to Japan
   Neo- Confucianism increase
   (ethnocentric, historicism, rationalism)
4. Scientific/secular world becomes dominant
5. Religious fundamentalism
   Western appreciation for science spread