EAS 210 - Midterm 1 Sample 2 REDO

Question 1

Which of the following is not true of minerals? They are (have) ____
A. crystalline
B. characteristic physical properties
C. organic
D. naturally occurring
E. definite chemical composition

Answer 1

C. organic

Question 2

What type of bonding is in olivine?

Answer 2

Ionic and covalent

Question 3

What mineral has the lowest hardness?

Answer 3

Talc

Question 4

What is the hardness of quartz on the Moh scale?

Answer 4

H = 7

Question 5

What mineral fizzes strongly when contacted with hydrochloric acid?

Answer 5

Calcite

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches a mineral with the mineral class it belongs to?
A. Sulphur; Sulphide
B. Garnet; Silicate
C. Galena; Sulphate
D. Hematite; Carbonate
E. Gypsum; Oxide

Answer 6

B. Garnet; Silicate

Question 7

What is plagioclase feldspar composed of?

Answer 7

A 3D framework of silica tetrahedra

Question 8

What is the ratio of the number of oxygen to silicon atoms in pyroxene?

Answer 8

3:1

Question 9

What type of mineral is dolomite?

Answer 9

Carbonate mineral

Question 10

List some oxide minerals

Answer 10

Alumina
Hematite
Magnetite
Uraninite

Question 11

What type of mineral is pyrite?

Answer 11

Sulphide mineral

Question 12

What rock is the upper mantle mainly composed of?

Answer 12

Peridotite

Question 13

Magma is slowly cooling in a magma chamber under equilibrium conditions. Which will be the last mineral to crystallize?

Answer 13

Quartz

Question 14

Describe phaneritic texture.

Answer 14

Igneous rocks where all grains are large enough to see without magnification

Question 15

Describe porphyritic texture.

Answer 15

Igneous rocks that experience a two-stage cooling history

Question 16

What is a batholith?

Answer 16

An igneous intrusion with a surface area greater than 100 square kilometers

Question 17

What is fine-grained (<2 mm) pyroclastic material called?

Answer 17

Ash

Question 18

Shield volcanoes are composed of what type of lava?

Answer 18

Basalt

Question 19

What is a thin, tabular or sheet-like igneous intrusive body forces between layers of sedimentary rock?

Answer 19

Sill

Question 20

Which of the following statements about igneous rocks is true?
A. Extrusive rocks have larger crystals than intrusive rocks.
B. Intrusive rocks cool more slowly than intrusive rocks.
C. Intrusive rocks form by crystallization of lava.
D. Extrusive rocks always have a different chemical composition compared to intrusive rocks.
E. Intrusive rocks will not contain glass.

Answer 20

E. Intrusive rocks will not contain glass.

Question 21

Which mineral is not commonly found in felsic igneous rocks?

Answer 21

Pyroxene

Question 22

When is mechanical weathering most rapid?

Answer 22

In climates that are cool and humid

Question 23

What is the most common natural acid contributing to chemical weathering?

Answer 23

Carbonic acid

Question 24

What mineral is not generally found in sedimentary rocks?

Answer 24

Olivine

Question 25

What is the difference between breccia and conglomerate?

Answer 25

Conglomerates have rounded clasts and breccias have angular clasts

Question 26

What would sediment with an average grain size of 0.5 mm be called?

Answer 26

Sand

Question 27

How is turbidite formed?

Answer 27

Underwater avalanches of sediment and water

Question 28

What is the most common chemical sedimentary rock?

Answer 28

Limestone

Question 29

What is the first group of minerals to precipitate in evaporite formation?

Answer 29

Carbonates

Question 30

Which evaporite mineral takes water into its crystal structure as it forms?

Answer 30

Gypsum

Question 31

How is cross-bedding formed?

Answer 31

The action of water currents in streams and the action of wind

Question 32

How is sillimanite formed?

Answer 32

High grade metamorphism

Question 33

Which metamorphic rock does not form from a mudrock/shale?

Answer 33

Quartzite

Question 34

A metamorphic rock containing more than 50% platy minerals would be _____

Answer 34

Schist

Question 35

A shale undergoes Barrovian metamorphism. What sequence of rocks will be observed as the pressure and temperature increase? Gneiss | Phyllite | Schist | Slate

Answer 35

Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss

Question 36

What always changes during metamorphism?

Answer 36

Texture

Question 37

In metamorphic rocks, the larger crystals set in a finer-grained groundmass are called what?

Answer 37

Porphyroblasts

Question 38

A rock containing ___ is probably metamorphic.

Answer 38

Kyanite

Question 39

Blueschist metamorphic rocks are formed in which geological setting?

Answer 39

Subduction zones

Question 40

What is Mylonite?

Answer 40

A metamorphic rock formed in the ductile part of a fault in the lower crust

Question 41

What rock is formed by the metamorphism of limestone?

Answer 41

Marble