EAS 210 - Midterm 1 Sample 2 REDO Flashcards
Which of the following is not true of minerals? They are (have) ____
A. crystalline
B. characteristic physical properties
C. organic
D. naturally occurring
E. definite chemical composition
C. organic
What type of bonding is in olivine?
Ionic and covalent
What mineral has the lowest hardness?
Talc
What is the hardness of quartz on the Moh scale?
H = 7
What mineral fizzes strongly when contacted with hydrochloric acid?
Calcite
Which of the following correctly matches a mineral with the mineral class it belongs to?
A. Sulphur; Sulphide
B. Garnet; Silicate
C. Galena; Sulphate
D. Hematite; Carbonate
E. Gypsum; Oxide
B. Garnet; Silicate
What is plagioclase feldspar composed of?
A 3D framework of silica tetrahedra
What is the ratio of the number of oxygen to silicon atoms in pyroxene?
3:1
What type of mineral is dolomite?
Carbonate mineral
List some oxide minerals
Alumina
Hematite
Magnetite
Uraninite
What type of mineral is pyrite?
Sulphide mineral
What rock is the upper mantle mainly composed of?
Peridotite
Magma is slowly cooling in a magma chamber under equilibrium conditions. Which will be the last mineral to crystallize?
Quartz
Describe phaneritic texture.
Igneous rocks where all grains are large enough to see without magnification
Describe porphyritic texture.
Igneous rocks that experience a two-stage cooling history
What is a batholith?
An igneous intrusion with a surface area greater than 100 square kilometers
What is fine-grained (<2 mm) pyroclastic material called?
Ash
Shield volcanoes are composed of what type of lava?
Basalt
What is a thin, tabular or sheet-like igneous intrusive body forces between layers of sedimentary rock?
Sill
Which of the following statements about igneous rocks is true?
A. Extrusive rocks have larger crystals than intrusive rocks.
B. Intrusive rocks cool more slowly than intrusive rocks.
C. Intrusive rocks form by crystallization of lava.
D. Extrusive rocks always have a different chemical composition compared to intrusive rocks.
E. Intrusive rocks will not contain glass.
E. Intrusive rocks will not contain glass.
Which mineral is not commonly found in felsic igneous rocks?
Pyroxene
When is mechanical weathering most rapid?
In climates that are cool and humid
What is the most common natural acid contributing to chemical weathering?
Carbonic acid
What mineral is not generally found in sedimentary rocks?
Olivine
What is the difference between breccia and conglomerate?
Conglomerates have rounded clasts and breccias have angular clasts
What would sediment with an average grain size of 0.5 mm be called?
Sand
How is turbidite formed?
Underwater avalanches of sediment and water
What is the most common chemical sedimentary rock?
Limestone
What is the first group of minerals to precipitate in evaporite formation?
Carbonates
Which evaporite mineral takes water into its crystal structure as it forms?
Gypsum
How is cross-bedding formed?
The action of water currents in streams and the action of wind
How is sillimanite formed?
High grade metamorphism
Which metamorphic rock does not form from a mudrock/shale?
Quartzite
A metamorphic rock containing more than 50% platy minerals would be _____
Schist
A shale undergoes Barrovian metamorphism. What sequence of rocks will be observed as the pressure and temperature increase?
Gneiss | Phyllite | Schist | Slate
Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss
What always changes during metamorphism?
Texture
In metamorphic rocks, the larger crystals set in a finer-grained groundmass are called what?
Porphyroblasts
A rock containing ___ is probably metamorphic.
Kyanite
Blueschist metamorphic rocks are formed in which geological setting?
Subduction zones
What is Mylonite?
A metamorphic rock formed in the ductile part of a fault in the lower crust
What rock is formed by the metamorphism of limestone?
Marble
