EAS 210 - Midterm 1 Sample 1 Flashcards by Cassidy Phillips

Which of the following minerals has the greatest hardness?
a. apatite
b. calcite
c. gypsum
d. talc
e. potassium feldspar

e. potassium feldspar

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What types of bonding are present in quartz?
a. ionic
b. metallic
c. covalent
d. covalent and van der Waals
e. metallic and ionic

c. covalent

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The hardness of gypsum on the Moh scale is
a. H = 1
b. H = 2
c. H = 3
d. H = 4
e. H = 5

b. H = 2

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Generally, the least reliable clue to a mineral’s identity is
a. cleavage
b. colour
c. density
d. streak
e. lustre

b. colour

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The mineral property of cleavage
a. is found in all minerals
b. is parallel to potential crystal faces
c. produces curved surfaces
d. always forms planes at right angles
e. all of the above

b. is parallel to potential crystal faces

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_______ is a silicate mineral
a. calcite
b. muscovite
c. pyroxene
d. coal
e. b and c

e. b and c

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The mineral biotite is an example of a ______
a. double chain silicate
b. framework silicate
c. sheet silicate
d. single chain silicate
e. a mineral with isolated tetrahedra

c. sheet silicate

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Olivine is composed of ______ silica tetrahedra
a. isolated
b. singe chains of
c. double chains of
d. conitnuous sheets of
e. a 3-D framework of

a. isolated

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What is the ratio of the number of oxygen to silicon atoms in a mineral with isolated silica tetrahedra?
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2.5
d. 2
e. 1.5

a. 4

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The ion radical that is a part of carbonate minerals is:
a. (CO)2-
b. (CaO3) 2-
c. (CO3) 2-
d. (CaO2) 2-
e. (CO2) 3-

c. (CO3) 2-

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Which of the following minerals contains magnesium?
a. calcite
b. dolomite
c. gypsum
d. halite
e. anhydrite

b. dolomite

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The ion radical that is part of sulphate minerals is:
a. (SO3) 3-
b. (SO4) 2-
c. (SO2) 2-
d. (SO2) 4-
e. (SO4) 3-

b. (SO4) 2-

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______ is an oxide mineral
a. corundum
b. anhydrite
c. gypsum
d. pyrite
e. sylvite

a. corundum

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_____ is not a sulfide mineral
a. galena
b. pyrite
c. sphalerite
d. chalcopyrite
e. hematite

e. hematite

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Most diamonds are formed in the _____
a. upper crust
b. lower crust
c. upper mantle
d. lower mantle
e. outer core

c. upper mantle

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The phaneritic form of rhyolite is ______
a. granite
b. granodiorite
c. diorite
d. gabbro
e. peridotite

a. granite

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Which mineral is most abundant in the upper mantle?
a. peridotite
b. olivine
c. kyanite
d. amphibole
e. pyroxene

b. olivine

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Basalt is normally derived from:
a. dry melting of crustal rocks
b. dry melting of upper mantle rocks
c. wet melting of crustal rocks
d. wet melting of upper mantle rocks
e. none of the above

b. dry melting of upper mantle rocks

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A course-grained, igneous rock containing quartz and K-feldspar is: ______
a. rhyolite
b. granite
c. diorite
d. andesite
e. gabbro

b. granite

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The tecture of igneous rocks with grains that cannot be seen without magnification is:
a. aphanitic
b. porphyitic
c. phaneritic
d. apathetic
e. apocalyptic

a. aphanitic

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A _______ is an example of a concordant intrusion
a. volcanic pipe
b. dike
c. batholith
d. sill
e. stock

d. sill

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Which of the following igneous rocks has the same chemical composition and
mineralogy as a granite?
a. andesite
b. diorite
c. gabbro
d. rhyolite
e. quartz

d. rhyolite

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Which of the following mountain chains is made up primarily of volcanoes formed at an ocean-continent convergence zone?
a. andes
b. appalachians
c. rocky mountains
d. himalayas
e. alps

a. andes

Which of the following statements is true?
a. Felsic rocks contain less silica than mafic rocks
b. Felsic rocks melt at higher temperature than mafic rocks
c. Felsic rocks tend to be lighter-coloured than mafic rocks
d. Felsic rocks contain more iron than mafic rocks
e. Felsic rocks contain more magnesium than mafic rocks

c. Felsic rocks tend to be more light-coloured than mafic rocks

Which of the following statements about igneous rocks is true? a. Extrusive rocks have larger crystals than intrusive rocks b. Extrusive rocks cool more slowly than intrusive rocks c. Igneous rocks originate deep in the crust or upper mantle d. Intrusive rocks form by crystallization of a lava e. Extrusive rocks have a different chemical composition to intrusive rocks

c. Igneous rocks originate deep in the crust or upper mantle

An igneous rock that contains large crystals in a finer matrix is called (a): a. granite b. obsidian c. porphyry d. scoria e. pumice

c. porphyry

Which of the following minerals is more likely to be found in felsic than in other types of igneous rocks? a. olivine b. plagioclase feldspar c. pyroxene d. quartz

d. quartz

Which of the following statements is true? a. Lava viscosity increases as silica content decreases. b. Lava viscosity increases as temperature decreases. c. The more gas lava contains, the less violent will be its eruption. d. All of the above statements are true.

b. Lava viscosity increases as temperature decreases.

The negative feature/depression found at the top of most central volcanoes is called a : a. caldera b. crater c. diatreme d. fissure e. plug

b. crater

Which of the following igneous rock textures are phenocrysts typically associated with? a. Porphyritic b. Phaneritic c. Aphanitic d. Pyroclastic e. Amygdaloidal

a. Porphyritic

As sediment is transported downstream, the grains a. tend to become less well sorted b. tend to become more angular c. tend to become smaller d. tend to become larger e. none of the above

c. tend to become smaller

The rate of weathering is affected by a. the climate b. the rock type c. the soil d. the elevation e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical weathering? a. hydrolysis b. oxidation c. dissolution d. sheeting e. dissolving

d. sheeting

As sediment is transported downstream, the particles _____ a. tend to become rounded b. tend to become smaller c. tend to become rounded and smaller d. tend to become angular and smaller

c. tend to become rounded and smaller

______ is an example of a traditional sedimentary environment. a. A reef b. A beach c. A salt lake d. The continental shelf e. A sand dyne in a desert

b. A beach

Which of the following lists is written in order of increasing particle/grain size? a. conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone b. mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate c. sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone d. sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate e. mudstone, conglomerate, sandstone

b. mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate

Which of the following is a clay mineral? a. amphibole b. calcite c. hematite d. kaolinite e. zeolite

d. kaolinite

Which of the following is not a clastic sedimentary rock? a. arenite b. conglomerate c. limestone d. sandstone e. breccia

c. sandstone

Sediment with an average grain size of 0.1 mm would be called _____ a. silt b. clay c. sand d. mud e. ooze

c. sand

Sedimentary rocks that owe their origin at least in part to the activity of organisms are _____ a. biochemical b. chemical c. clastic d. pyroclastic e. aphanitic

a. biochemical

Which of the following minerals is found in limestone? a. biotite b. calcite c. garnet d. gypsum e. sylvite

b. calcite

An example of a biochemical sedimentary rock is _____ a. breccia b. evaporite c. limestone d. petroleum e. potash

c. limestone

Which of the following is used in fertilizer production? a. dolomite b. gypsum c. halite d. potash e. chert

d. potash

The last group of minerals to precipitate in evaporite formation are _____ a. carbonates b. gypsum c. halite d. potassium salts e. sulphides

d. potassium salts

Most pertroleum is derived from organic matter deposited in ______ a. marine sediments b. inland swamps c. river d. deserts e. the upper mantle

a. marine sediments

Which of the following rocks represents the lowest metamorphic grade? a. gneiss b. phyllite c. schist d. slate e. mimatite

d. slate

The sedimentary precursor of a slate is ______ a. sandstone b. limestone c. arkose d. quartzite e. shale

e. shale

______ metamorphism begins with low grade rocks and produces high grade rocks a. Reprobate b. Retrograde c. Prograde d. Regrade e. Probate

c. Prograde

A shale undergoes regional metamorphism. Which combination of index mineral and rock does not occur? a. chlorite - slate b. sillimanite - phyllite c. garnet - schist d. sillimanite - gneiss e. kyanite - schist

b. sillimanite - phyllite

Which of the following metamorphic rocks is non-foliated? a. gneiss b. quartzite c. schist d. slate e. phyllite

b. quartzite

Metamorphic minerals are aligned in response to _____ a. differential stress b. uniform stress c. uniform pressure d. high temperatures e. none of the above

a. differential stress

A temperature of 120°C is measured at the bottom of a 3000 m deep geothermal well. The geothermal gradient is ____°C/km a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40 e. 50

d. 40

_____ is a metamorphic rock formed in the brittle part of a fault in the upper crust. a. Mylonite b. Cataclasite c. Clathrate d. Quartzite e. Granulite

b. Cataclasite

A shield is a region of crystalline rock exposed at the surface that has not been affected by tectonics for approximately ____ million years a. 110 b. 320 c. 540 d. 2500 e. 4000

d. 2500

The rock formed by metamorphism of sandstone is _____ a. slate b. quartz c. quartzite d. kyanite e. granulite

c. quartzite