EAS 210 - Midterm 1 Sample 1 Flashcards
Which of the following minerals has the greatest hardness?
a. apatite
b. calcite
c. gypsum
d. talc
e. potassium feldspar
e. potassium feldspar
What types of bonding are present in quartz?
a. ionic
b. metallic
c. covalent
d. covalent and van der Waals
e. metallic and ionic
c. covalent
The hardness of gypsum on the Moh scale is
a. H = 1
b. H = 2
c. H = 3
d. H = 4
e. H = 5
b. H = 2
Generally, the least reliable clue to a mineral’s identity is
a. cleavage
b. colour
c. density
d. streak
e. lustre
b. colour
The mineral property of cleavage
a. is found in all minerals
b. is parallel to potential crystal faces
c. produces curved surfaces
d. always forms planes at right angles
e. all of the above
b. is parallel to potential crystal faces
_______ is a silicate mineral
a. calcite
b. muscovite
c. pyroxene
d. coal
e. b and c
e. b and c
The mineral biotite is an example of a ______
a. double chain silicate
b. framework silicate
c. sheet silicate
d. single chain silicate
e. a mineral with isolated tetrahedra
c. sheet silicate
Olivine is composed of ______ silica tetrahedra
a. isolated
b. singe chains of
c. double chains of
d. conitnuous sheets of
e. a 3-D framework of
a. isolated
What is the ratio of the number of oxygen to silicon atoms in a mineral with isolated silica tetrahedra?
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2.5
d. 2
e. 1.5
a. 4
The ion radical that is a part of carbonate minerals is:
a. (CO)2-
b. (CaO3) 2-
c. (CO3) 2-
d. (CaO2) 2-
e. (CO2) 3-
c. (CO3) 2-
Which of the following minerals contains magnesium?
a. calcite
b. dolomite
c. gypsum
d. halite
e. anhydrite
b. dolomite
The ion radical that is part of sulphate minerals is:
a. (SO3) 3-
b. (SO4) 2-
c. (SO2) 2-
d. (SO2) 4-
e. (SO4) 3-
b. (SO4) 2-
______ is an oxide mineral
a. corundum
b. anhydrite
c. gypsum
d. pyrite
e. sylvite
a. corundum
_____ is not a sulfide mineral
a. galena
b. pyrite
c. sphalerite
d. chalcopyrite
e. hematite
e. hematite
Most diamonds are formed in the _____
a. upper crust
b. lower crust
c. upper mantle
d. lower mantle
e. outer core
c. upper mantle
The phaneritic form of rhyolite is ______
a. granite
b. granodiorite
c. diorite
d. gabbro
e. peridotite
a. granite
Which mineral is most abundant in the upper mantle?
a. peridotite
b. olivine
c. kyanite
d. amphibole
e. pyroxene
b. olivine
Basalt is normally derived from:
a. dry melting of crustal rocks
b. dry melting of upper mantle rocks
c. wet melting of crustal rocks
d. wet melting of upper mantle rocks
e. none of the above
b. dry melting of upper mantle rocks
A course-grained, igneous rock containing quartz and K-feldspar is: ______
a. rhyolite
b. granite
c. diorite
d. andesite
e. gabbro
b. granite
The tecture of igneous rocks with grains that cannot be seen without magnification is:
a. aphanitic
b. porphyitic
c. phaneritic
d. apathetic
e. apocalyptic
a. aphanitic
A _______ is an example of a concordant intrusion
a. volcanic pipe
b. dike
c. batholith
d. sill
e. stock
d. sill
Which of the following igneous rocks has the same chemical composition and
mineralogy as a granite?
a. andesite
b. diorite
c. gabbro
d. rhyolite
e. quartz
d. rhyolite
Which of the following mountain chains is made up primarily of volcanoes formed at an ocean-continent convergence zone?
a. andes
b. appalachians
c. rocky mountains
d. himalayas
e. alps
a. andes
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Felsic rocks contain less silica than mafic rocks
b. Felsic rocks melt at higher temperature than mafic rocks
c. Felsic rocks tend to be lighter-coloured than mafic rocks
d. Felsic rocks contain more iron than mafic rocks
e. Felsic rocks contain more magnesium than mafic rocks
c. Felsic rocks tend to be more light-coloured than mafic rocks
Which of the following statements about igneous rocks is true?
a. Extrusive rocks have larger crystals than intrusive rocks
b. Extrusive rocks cool more slowly than intrusive rocks
c. Igneous rocks originate deep in the crust or upper mantle
d. Intrusive rocks form by crystallization of a lava
e. Extrusive rocks have a different chemical composition to intrusive rocks
c. Igneous rocks originate deep in the crust or upper mantle
An igneous rock that contains large crystals in a finer matrix is called (a):
a. granite
b. obsidian
c. porphyry
d. scoria
e. pumice
c. porphyry
Which of the following minerals is more likely to be found in felsic than in other types of igneous rocks?
a. olivine
b. plagioclase feldspar
c. pyroxene
d. quartz
d. quartz
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Lava viscosity increases as silica content decreases.
b. Lava viscosity increases as temperature decreases.
c. The more gas lava contains, the less violent will be its eruption.
d. All of the above statements are true.
b. Lava viscosity increases as temperature decreases.
The negative feature/depression found at the top of most central volcanoes is called a :
a. caldera
b. crater
c. diatreme
d. fissure
e. plug
b. crater
Which of the following igneous rock textures are phenocrysts typically associated with?
a. Porphyritic
b. Phaneritic
c. Aphanitic
d. Pyroclastic
e. Amygdaloidal
a. Porphyritic
As sediment is transported downstream, the grains
a. tend to become less well sorted
b. tend to become more angular
c. tend to become smaller
d. tend to become larger
e. none of the above
c. tend to become smaller
The rate of weathering is affected by
a. the climate
b. the rock type
c. the soil
d. the elevation
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical weathering?
a. hydrolysis
b. oxidation
c. dissolution
d. sheeting
e. dissolving
d. sheeting
As sediment is transported downstream, the particles _____
a. tend to become rounded
b. tend to become smaller
c. tend to become rounded and smaller
d. tend to become angular and smaller
c. tend to become rounded and smaller
______ is an example of a traditional sedimentary environment.
a. A reef
b. A beach
c. A salt lake
d. The continental shelf
e. A sand dyne in a desert
b. A beach
Which of the following lists is written in order of increasing particle/grain size?
a. conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone
b. mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate
c. sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone
d. sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate
e. mudstone, conglomerate, sandstone
b. mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate
Which of the following is a clay mineral?
a. amphibole
b. calcite
c. hematite
d. kaolinite
e. zeolite
d. kaolinite
Which of the following is not a clastic sedimentary rock?
a. arenite
b. conglomerate
c. limestone
d. sandstone
e. breccia
c. sandstone
Sediment with an average grain size of 0.1 mm would be called _____
a. silt
b. clay
c. sand
d. mud
e. ooze
c. sand
Sedimentary rocks that owe their origin at least in part to the activity of organisms are _____
a. biochemical
b. chemical
c. clastic
d. pyroclastic
e. aphanitic
a. biochemical
Which of the following minerals is found in limestone?
a. biotite
b. calcite
c. garnet
d. gypsum
e. sylvite
b. calcite
An example of a biochemical sedimentary rock is _____
a. breccia
b. evaporite
c. limestone
d. petroleum
e. potash
c. limestone
Which of the following is used in fertilizer production?
a. dolomite
b. gypsum
c. halite
d. potash
e. chert
d. potash
The last group of minerals to precipitate in evaporite formation are _____
a. carbonates
b. gypsum
c. halite
d. potassium salts
e. sulphides
d. potassium salts
Most pertroleum is derived from organic matter deposited in ______
a. marine sediments
b. inland swamps
c. river
d. deserts
e. the upper mantle
a. marine sediments
Which of the following rocks represents the lowest metamorphic grade?
a. gneiss
b. phyllite
c. schist
d. slate
e. mimatite
d. slate
The sedimentary precursor of a slate is ______
a. sandstone
b. limestone
c. arkose
d. quartzite
e. shale
e. shale
______ metamorphism begins with low grade rocks and produces high grade rocks
a. Reprobate
b. Retrograde
c. Prograde
d. Regrade
e. Probate
c. Prograde
A shale undergoes regional metamorphism. Which combination of index mineral and rock does not occur?
a. chlorite - slate
b. sillimanite - phyllite
c. garnet - schist
d. sillimanite - gneiss
e. kyanite - schist
b. sillimanite - phyllite
Which of the following metamorphic rocks is non-foliated?
a. gneiss
b. quartzite
c. schist
d. slate
e. phyllite
b. quartzite
Metamorphic minerals are aligned in response to _____
a. differential stress
b. uniform stress
c. uniform pressure
d. high temperatures
e. none of the above
a. differential stress
A temperature of 120°C is measured at the bottom of a 3000 m deep geothermal well. The geothermal gradient is ____°C/km
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
e. 50
d. 40
_____ is a metamorphic rock formed in the brittle part of a fault in the upper crust.
a. Mylonite
b. Cataclasite
c. Clathrate
d. Quartzite
e. Granulite
b. Cataclasite
A shield is a region of crystalline rock exposed at the surface that has not been affected by tectonics for approximately ____ million years
a. 110
b. 320
c. 540
d. 2500
e. 4000
d. 2500
The rock formed by metamorphism of sandstone is _____
a. slate
b. quartz
c. quartzite
d. kyanite
e. granulite
c. quartzite
