EAS 210 - Midterm 1 Sample 1 REDO

Question 1

What mineral has the greatest hardness?

Answer 1

Potassium Feldspar

Question 2

What types of bonding is present in quartz?

Answer 2

Covalent

Question 3

What is the hardness of gypsum on the Moh scale?

Answer 3

H = 2

Question 4

What is the least reliable clue to a mineral’s identity?

Answer 4

Colour

Question 5

What is cleavage?

Answer 5

Parallel to potential crystal faces

Question 6

What type of mineral are muscovite and pyroxene?

Answer 6

Silicate minerals

Question 7

What is biotite an example of?

Answer 7

Sheet silicate

Question 8

What is olivine composed of?

Answer 8

Isolated silica tetrahedra

Question 9

What is the ratio of the number of oxygen to silicon atoms in a mineral with isolated silica tetrahedra?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What ion radical is part of carbonate minerals?

Answer 10

(CO3)2-

Question 11

What mineral contains magnesium?

Answer 11

Dolomite

Question 12

What ion radical is part of sulphate minerals?

Answer 12

(SO4)2-

Question 13

What is an example of an oxide mineral?

Answer 13

Corundum

Question 14

What are examples of sulfide minerals?

Answer 14

Galena
Pyrite
Sphalerite
Chalocpyrite

Question 15

Where are most diamonds formed?

Answer 15

Upper mantle

Question 16

What is phaneritic form of rhyolite?

Answer 16

Granite

Question 17

Which mineral is most abundant in the upper mantle?

Answer 17

Olivine

Question 18

How is basalt normally derived?

Answer 18

Dry melting of upper mantle rocks

Question 19

Describe granite

Answer 19

A coarse-grained, igneous rock containing quartz and K-feldspar

Question 20

Describe aphanitic texture.

Answer 20

Igneous rocks with grains that cannot be seen without magnification

Question 21

What is an example of a concordant intrusion?

Answer 21

A sill

Question 22

What igneous rock has the same chemical composition and mineralology as granite?

Answer 22

Rhyloite

Question 23

How is the Andes mountain chain primarily made up?

Answer 23

Volcanoes formed at an ocean-continent convergence zone

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true?
A. Felsic rocks contain less silica than mafic rocks.
B. Felsic rocks melt at higher temperatures than mafic rocks.
C. Felsic rocks tend to be lighter-coloured than mafic rocks.
D. Felsic rocks contain more iron than mafic rocks.
E. Felsic rocks contain more magnesium than mafic rocks.

Answer 24

C. Felsic rocks tend to be lighter-coloured than mafic rocks.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about igneous rocks is true? A. Extrusive rocks have larger crystals than intrusive rocks. B. Extrusive rocks cool more slowly than intrusive rocks. C. Igneous rocks originate deep in the crust or upper mantle. D. Intrusive rocks form by crystallization of a lave. E, Extrusive rocks always have a different chemical composition than intrusive rocks.

Answer 25

C. Igneous rocks originate deep in the crust or upper mantle.

Question 26

What is a porphyry?

Answer 26

An igneous rock that contains large crystals in a finer matrix

Question 27

Which mineral is most likely to be found in felsic than in other types of igneous rocks?

Answer 27

Quartz

Question 28

Describe the relationship between lava viscosity and temperature.

Answer 28

Lava viscosity increases as temperature decreases

Question 29

What is a crater?

Answer 29

The negative feature/depression found at the top of most central volcanoes.

Question 30

What igneous rock texture are phenocrysts typically associated with?

Answer 30

Porphyritic

Question 31

What happens to the grains as sediment is transported downstream?

Answer 31

They tend to become smaller

Question 32

What is the rate of weathering affected by?

Answer 32

Climate Rock type Soil Elevation

Question 33

Types of chemical weathering

Answer 33

Hydrolysis Oxidation Dissolution Dissolving

Question 34

What happens to the particles as sediment is transported downstream?

Answer 34

They tend to become rounded and smaller

Question 35

What type of environment is a beach an example of?

Answer 35

Transitional sedimentary environment

Question 36

List the following in order of increasing particle/grain size: Conglomerate | Mudstone | Sandstone

Answer 36

Mudstone, Sandstone, Conglomerate

Question 37

What type of mineral is kaolinite?

Answer 37

Clay mineral

Question 38

What do you call sediment with an average grain size of 0.1 mm?

Answer 38

Sand

Question 39

What are some examples of clastic sedimentary rocks?

Answer 39

Arenite Conglomerate Sandstone Breccia

Question 40

What are biochemical rocks?

Answer 40

Sedimentary rocks that owe their origin at least in part to the activity of organisms

Question 41

What mineral is found in limestone?

Answer 41

Calcite

Question 42

Limestone is an example of what type of rock?

Answer 42

Biochemical sedimentary rock

Question 43

Which sedimentary rock is used in fertilizer production?

Answer 43

Potash

Question 44

What is the last group of minerals to precipitate in evaporite formation?

Answer 44

Potassium salts

Question 45

How is petroleum derived?

Answer 45

From organic matter deposited in marine sediments

Question 46

Which rock represents the lowest metamorphic grade?

Answer 46

Slate

Question 47

What is the sedimentary precursor of slate?

Answer 47

Shale

Question 48

What is prograde metamorphism?

Answer 48

Begins with low grade rocks and produces high grade rocks

Question 49

A shale undergoes regional metamorphism. Which combination of index mineral and rock does NOT occur?

Answer 49

Sillimanite - phyllite

Question 50

Which metamorphic rock is non-foliated?

Answer 50

Quartzite

Question 51

How are metamorphic minerals aligned?

Answer 51

In response to differential stress.

Question 52

A temperature of 120°C is measured at the bottom of a 3000 m deep geothermal well. What is the geothermal gradient?

Answer 52

40°C/km

Question 53

What is cataclasite?

Answer 53

A metamorphic rock formed in the brittel part of a fault in the upper crust

Question 54

A shield is a region of crystalline rock exposed at the surface that has not been affected by tectonics for approximately how many years?

Answer 54

2500 million years

Question 55

What rock is formed by the metamorphism of sandstone?

Answer 55

Quartzite