EAS 210 - Final Topics Flashcards
What are some examples of primary structure in deformed sedimentary rocks?
Ripple marks
Cross Bedding
Strata
Mud cracks
If a cylinder of rock is 1 m long and longitudinal stress is applied and the length increases by 1 mm, what is the longitudinal strain?
0.001
Under what conditions is folding more likely to occur than faulting?
High confining pressures and high temperatures
What is strike?
The line formed by the intersection of an inclined plane with a horizontal plane
What type of faults neither thicken or thin Earth’s crust?
Strike-Slip Faults
On the surface of what planet have strike-slip faults been observed?
Mars
Which faults do dip-slip faults include?
Normal Faults
Reverse Faults
Thrust Faults
The _____ is located between the surface and the water table and is _____ with water
A. Phreatic zone - completely saturated
B. Vadose zone - completely saturated
C. Saturated zone - completely saturated
D. zone of aeration - partially saturated
E. Groundwater zone - partially saturated
D. Zone of aeration - partially saturated
List the following in order of increasing permeability:
Sandstone | Shale | Soil
Shale, Sandstone, Soil
A rock has a porosity of 50% and is saturated with water. It is drained with a specific yield of 30%. What is the specific retention?
20%
Suppose your land is at an elevation of 100 m, and you drilled down 50 m before finding the water table. If your neighbor’s land is at an elevation of 75 m, how far down will they have to drill to find the water table? Assure an unconfined, homogenous aquifer.
25 m
What is Darcy’s Law?
A description of how groundwater will flow in the subsurface
What conditions does a layer made of clay exhibit?
High porosity and low permeability
What is porosity?
The proportion of the rock volume which is void space.
What is a speleothem?
A feature formed in a cave by deposition of chemical sediment
What is the upper limit of total dissolved solids in drinking water?
0.5 g/litre
The thickness of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin ______
A. increases from east to west across Alberta
B. decreases from east to west across Alberta
C. is constant across Alberta
D. Is a maximum beneath Edmonoton
E. Is a minimum beneath Edmonton
A. increases form east to west across Alberta
Which resource is potentially classified as renewable?
Wind Power
Which resources may woody plant matter giver rise to?
Both coal and natural gas
How are porphyry copper deposits formed?
Beneath volcanoes in subduction zones
How are Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) deposits formed?
As fluid flows within a sedimentary basin
What type of nodules are found on the abyssal plains of the oceans?
Manganese
______ is an example of a base metal
A. Gold
B. Uranium
C. Silver
D. Lead
E. Platinum
D. Lead
Hydrocarbons can be burnt to produce heat. Which hydrocarbon will produce the greatest amount of heat for a given amount of carbon dioxide?
Methane
What is an unconventional hydrocarbon found within sediments on the continental shelf?
Methane Hydrate
What percent of its electricity does Canada currently produce from geothermal energy?
0%
What is the geothermal gradient?
The rate of temperature change with depth in the Earth
What country produces the most electricity from geothermal energy in absolute terms?
United States
What country produces the largest amount of heat for direct use in absolute terms?
China
The geological structure of Alberta is characterized by a _____ aged sedimentary basin that overlies crystalline rocks of _____ age
A. Phanerozoic - Proterozoic
B. Proterozoic - Archean
C. Archean - Precambrian
D. Phanerozoic - Precambrian
E. Proterozoic - Archean
D. Phanerozoic - Precambrian
How long ago did the Precambrian end?
541 million years
How long ago did the Archean eon end?
2500 million years
How long ago did the Proterozoic eon end?
541 million years
When did the Devonian period occur?
During the Paleozoic era
When did the Cretaceous period occur?
During the Mesozoic era
When did the Permian period occur?
During the Phanerozoic era
When were most of the rocks present today on the surface of Alberta formed?
During the Phanerozoic eon
