Earth, Space and Ecosystems Assessment

Question 1

What are Satellites

Answer 1

Satellites are objects are things that orbit a planet

Question 2

What is an Artificial Satellite

Answer 2

Artificial Satellites are man-made satellites that orbit the planet, weather that be the ISS or some space junk.

Question 3

What is a natural Satellite

Answer 3

A natural Satellite is a satellite that orbits the Earth, but is not man-made. We only have one natural satellite: The Moon.

Question 4

Why Do we have seasons

Answer 4

We have seasons because of the Earth’s tilt (23.4°). This means that in the summer, the sun is shining on a bigger surface of the Earth than as it would in the Winter. This means that the days are longer in the summer, and shorter in the winter too.

Question 5

The stages of the moon:

Moon is fully Dark (0/0)

Moon is partially lit on the right hand side (around 1/4)

Moon is half lit on one side (1/2)

The Moon is nearly full lit up on one side (3/4)

The moon is fully lit on one side (1/1)

The Moon is nearly full lit up on one side, not on the right (3/4)

Moon is around a quarter lit (1/2)

Moon is partially lit on the right hand side (around 1/4)

Answer 5

Moon is fully Dark (0/0) - New

Moon is partially lit on the right hand side (around 1/4) - Crescent

Moon is around a quarter lit (1/2) - First Quarter

The Moon is nearly full lit up on one side, not on the left (3/4) - Gibbous

The moon is fully lit on one side (1/1) - Full

The Moon is nearly full lit up on one side, not on the right (3/4) - Gibbous

Moon is around a quarter lit (1/2) - Third Quarter

Moon is partially lit on the right hand side (around 1/4) - Crescent

(Also see Activate 1, page 154 for images)

Question 6

What is a Solar Eclipse

Answer 6

A Solar Eclipse when the moon blocks out the light coming from the Sun and casts a shadow on the Earth.

Question 7

If you’re standing in a place where the light is completely blocked, then it is …

Answer 7

Part of the Umbra

Question 8

If you’re standing in a place where the light is partially blocked, then it is …

Answer 8

Part of the Penumbra

Question 9

What is a Lunar Eclipse

Answer 9

A Lunar Eclipse is when the Earth totally blocks out all of the Sun’s light from the Moon.

Question 10

What is a Total Eclipse

Answer 10

A Total Eclipse is when the whole of the surface of the sun or moon is obscured and cannot be seen.

Question 11

The Layers of the Earth

Answer 11

Inner Core

Outer Core

Mantle

Crust

Question 12

Properties of the Inner Core

Answer 12

It is the centre of the Earth

It is solid because of the sheer amount of pressure created. As a result, it can reach up to 5,500°C.

It contains Iron and Nickel which create the Earth’s Magnetic field

Question 13

Properties of the Outer Core

Answer 13

This is found around halfway to the centre of the Earth.

The state of matter is liquid as the pressure has decreased

Isn’t quite as hot as the Inner Core, but still extremely Hot

Question 14

Properties of the Mantle

Answer 14

This is the widest section of the Earth. It is around 2900km long

It is mainly made out of molten rock, which cools as it rises up towards the crust, but can melt at different rates

The hot molten rock rises and the cooler sinks.

At the top of the Mantle, there is the Lithosphere, where the Tectonic Plates are found.

Question 15

Properties of the Crust

Answer 15

The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and also the smallest. Averaging from 8km-40km deep.

The Tectonic Plates separate the Mantle from the Crust

The Crust is mainly made of Solid Rock

Question 16

Things that add Carbon Dioxide to the Atmosphere

Answer 16

Respiration - In which Carbon Dioxide is a Waste Product of. (Glucose + Oxygen —> Water + Carbon Dioxide)

Combustion - Fuels like wood, petrol and methane produce Carbon Dioxide when burned. (Methane (any fuel above) + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide and Water

And burning Fossil Fuels and Deforestation

Question 17

Things that subtract Carbon Dioxide to the Atmosphere

Answer 17

Photosynthesis - Plants use Carbon Dioxide and Glucose to create energy for themselves (Carbon Dioxide + Water (light) —> (light) Oxygen + Glucose (+Energy)

Dissolving - Carbon Dioxide can dissolve in large bodies of water such as Seas and Oceans.

Question 18

Carbon Stores Include:

Answer 18

The Atmosphere

Oceans Containing Dissolved Carbon Dioxide

Sedimentary Rocks, such as calcium carbonate
Fossil Fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas

Plants and Animals

Soil

Question 19

Why does Global Warming Happen?

Answer 19

Global Warming is taking place because of the build up of Carbon Dioxide and Greenhouse Gasses up beside the Ozone Layer

There is a clear and very string positive Correlation between increase in CO2 and increase in Temperature since the 1850’s

Question 20

Products of Climate Change

Answer 20

Climate Change Could mean:
Sea Levels rising, more loss of ice

Average Global Temperature to rise

More Stormy Weather

More extremes of different types of weather occurring over a short period of time

Question 21

How is Aluminium Recycled?

Answer 21

Firstly, the the decoration is removed from the metal and it is shredded.

Then, a furnace melts the shreds and the liquid cools and freezes in a mould. Now an Aluminium ingot is created.

The ingot is heated up to 600°C to soften it before it is rolled out to create new products.

Question 22

Advantages of Recycling

Answer 22

Means resources will last longer

Uses less energy than using new materials.

Reduces waste and pollution

No other wastes are create by recycling, unlike if you were to freshly extract, for example, Aluminium from it’s ore.

Question 23

Disadvantages of Recycling

Answer 23

The lorries and tucks that collect recycling burn fuel and increase pollution.

Not all materials are easy to recycle.

Companies that recycle plastic waste need to separate different the types of plastics or else it can’t be recycled properly. This process is often done by hand and can be very time consuming.